2012-04-20

CityVille Approach Guides CityVille Cheats, Codes or Strategy?

If you happen to be obtaining problems finding the hang of anything that comes about in CityVille, you are not on your own. We have a bunch of friends that I am aware on Facebook that ended up contemplating that this activity was planning for being fairly easy. I myself grew to become particularly frustrated aided by the match soon after creating a few structures, only to possess my population develop into extremely upset. Everybody that I spoke to instructed me that I need to have to put together a guidebook of some sorts.

In place of listening to their advice, I in fact went out in research of cheats and hacks only to learn that there hacks and cheats have gotten individuals banned from your online game within the previous. After reaching out to mates, I discovered that the men and women I understand that were dominating this video game acquired discovered every one of the secrets of this match from strategy guides. At initial I used to be doubtful, I was dreaming to myself that it is only a sport and how much method could it REALLY include. All you may have to try and do is produce a couple of buildings, some roads and preserve your population joyful suitable?

I went forward and spent the cash (not considerably in the least) and right away learned that I used to be investing way an excessive amount of time enjoying this recreation rather than reaping any of your rewards. The information took me from a degree 9 to some degree 34 within a weeks time. It took 7 times and way much less time then I was shelling out previously on CityVille.

That is the very best guidance when it involves actively playing CityVille and taking part in it seriously. Go forward and purchase a good approach information when you desire to acquire at this sport.

Click here to GO CityVille Domination Guide


CityVille Approach Guides CityVille Cheats, Codes or Strategy?

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吴树:全民收藏脱离文化轨道 金钱游戏谁是赢家

吴树:全民收藏脱离文化轨道 金钱游戏谁是赢家

  “现在中国的收藏市场,95%的人用95%的钱买了95%的赝品.”上周末,在省古陶瓷研究会举办的一次收藏论坛上,当有“收藏界深喉”之称的文化学者吴树抛出这一观点时,台下数百名藏家并没有显得很惊讶.或许,他们都认为自己属于那幸运的“5%”.

  拍卖公司知假卖假、利益集团联手做局、天价拍品层出不穷……2004年起,吴树连续多年暗访国内文物市场,掌握了大量第一手资料,先后写出了《谁在收藏中国》、《谁在拍卖中国》和《谁在忽悠中国》等“文物黑皮书”系列,直指行业内幕.在谈到当前收藏市场乱象时,他痛心地对记者说,“中国文物市场的乱象,远不止‘金缕玉衣’、‘汉代玉凳’等几件天价假文物案那么简单.在投机冲动的异化下,国人好古藏古的文化志趣被‘铜臭气’严重侵蚀.当前的全民收藏,已偏离文化轨道,变成一场不谈艺术、只谈价格的金钱游戏.所谓的收藏,自始至终都建立在追求暴利的幻想之上,以至于在近亿人的收藏市场,几乎只有上家与下家,找不着几个真正的藏家.”

  那么,在这场金钱游戏中,到底谁是赢家、谁是输家?吴树对记者说,盗卖文物者、制假者、鉴定专家,都能从中获利,但最大的受益者还是拥有足够金融资本的文物艺术品投机商和权力集团.他们掌控了艺术品拍卖的解释权、定价权和话语权,藏品无论真假,经过他们的二次包装——不可交易的出土文物打上火漆就成了可以进入市场的“海归文物”,赝品附上鉴定证书和假档案,摇身一变成了传承有序的“真文物”,堂而皇之地走上市场.他举例说,我们以一件成交价100万人民币的高仿拍品为例,看看这块“肮脏的蛋糕”是怎么分的.出厂价4万,由制假者获利.各项鉴定费用3万,由鉴定专家获利.拍卖公司佣金和国家税收20万左右,但这项经常被偷漏掉.上拍赝品实际所有者,获利73万元.这个实际所有者,就是背后的利益集团.至于受害者,当然是广大藏家.目前的现实就是,95%的人抱着投机心理,掉进了资本操纵的金钱圈套,盲目地跟在后面传接力棒,结果用95%的钱买了95%的赝品,无奈地成了最后一棒.

  收藏市场如此之乱,根源在哪里?吴树分析说,一是鉴定体制的不完善.当前,我国缺少一套完整的文物鉴定体系,在鉴定机构、鉴定机制、鉴定标准上都有缺失.有些“全能专家”鉴瓷鉴画又鉴玉,结果只能是“像雾像雨又像风”.再加上体制内和体制外的鉴定专家各说各话,更让普通藏家无所适从.此外,现行文物艺术品市场的游戏规则既不合法,也不合理.比如《拍卖法》“61条”就被称为“免责条款”,容恶性很强.按照这一规定,只要事先声明不保真,那买到假的就算藏家活该,拍卖机构不会受到法律追究.这就在客观上起到了纵容不法商人制假卖假、拍卖行知假卖假的行为.对艺术品市场缺乏有效监管也是个大问题.为什么“假拍”现象屡见不鲜,就在于偷漏税太容易了.如果税务部门严格按照拍卖公司的成交额去收税,作假的就会少很多.

  厘清乱象,如何正本清源?吴树建议说,治理文物市场乱象的根本出路在修法建制.所谓“修法”,就是要对“61条”这样的不良条款进行清理,不能任其充当不法行为的保护伞.“欧美一些国家没有拍卖法,但卖赝品后照样被罚.一些国家甚至将制作、贩卖赝品和造假钞同等入罪.有一位意大利艺术家把自己早期的作品改为晚期作品保护,被判入狱两年.”此外,还能通过《消费者权益法》等法律法规对专家虚假鉴定、知假卖假等行为进行约束.有些国外经验可以借鉴,比如韩国就要求凡是新制的高仿品,上面必须要有制作者的记号,否则就按制假处理.

  建制也是一个关键问题.吴树说,可以分级建立鉴定委员会,并对民间开放.这里的关键就是要将鉴定真假和利益剥离开来,建立一套完善的监管约束机制,严厉惩处违规行为,把那些故意“看错”的专家清理出去,甚至可以采取终身禁入制.只要有了真正权威的专家,各级鉴定机构就可以效仿劳动仲裁委员会的运作模式,对交易市场出现的纠纷案件进行分级仲裁.与此同时,还要最大限度地将各种科技手段引入鉴定机制,各个科研单位要资源共享,建立一个相对完整的数据库.“只有在修法建制双重力量下,我们的收藏市场才会少点阴暗,多点阳光.”吴树说. (董晨)



来源:新浪收藏


TAG:吴树:全民收藏脱离文化轨道 金钱游戏谁是赢家 翡翠 翡翠手镯 翡翠观音 jade 七彩云南 云南翡翠 缅甸翡翠 瑞丽翡翠

天价赌石现身长沙 标价5000万

天价赌石现身长沙 标价5000万

天价赌石现身长沙 天价赌石现身长沙

  4月19日,湖南长沙某古玩城内市民观摩了一块标价为5000万的天价“赌石”.“赌石”是指翡翠在开采出来时,有一层风化皮包裹着,无法知道其内的好坏,须切割后方能知道其价值.翡翠毛料是世界上唯一称为“赌石”的翡翠玉原石,从1980年以来,价位上涨了十几倍甚至上百倍.



来源:新浪收藏


TAG:天价赌石现身长沙 标价5000万 翡翠 翡翠手镯 翡翠观音 jade 七彩云南 云南翡翠 缅甸翡翠 瑞丽翡翠

古印章如何收藏

古印章如何收藏

  中国印章从商周时期起伴随我们已三千多年,经过数千载风风雨雨,饱经沧桑,每一方印章都能述说一段鲜为人知的故事.印章以它特有的民族文化魅力和艺术美感,正逐渐成为收藏的一个大类,吸引着越来越多的收藏家.

  怎样鉴别古铜印章

  古代流传下来的印章大部分为私印,其中汉代私印最多.材质有银、玉、铜质等,内容多以姓名印、图形印、古语印等为主.钮制多样,如龟钮、桥钮、瓦钮等等.

  一般收藏者得到古铜印时,大都准备一块泥丸,钤盖为封泥状观看字形精神状态,后再拓印蜕从文字上加以校正,从印章锈色辨别真伪.古铜私印大多为铜质,距今二千余年会产生绿漆钴、红漆钴、水银钴、黑漆钴等不同的腐蚀.因出土地域的不同还会有“水坑”、“旱坑”、“生坑”等,锈色也有所不同.这些锈色因铜质本身的化学变化而形成,和印章融为一体,不易脱落和刮掉.而伪造的锈色大多是用颜料涂抹在印章表面,容易被刮掉,火烧也会产生化学气味.

  最近,国内市场假玉印逐渐泛滥.因古玉印价格不菲,故仿造者手段特别高明.这些古玉印玉质很好,形制规范,但刻字无法达到古意.

  明清流派印的收藏

  如今,明清流派印的收藏也是热点,我们必须掌握一定的明清流派印的知识.明末清初印章进入辉煌时代,各流派篆刻师承关系明确,刀法讲求“稳、准、狠”,风格明显.传说中用刀有十三法、十七法之说,边款艺术也随法而生,明代刻款多用复刀,印款题年月姓名还加一些跋语,到清乾隆年后刻款用单刀法,我们从明清流派印边款上的艺术造诣和书法功底也能鉴定印章的真伪.此外,明清印章的钮制刀法精细,打磨雕刻工整,古朴典雅,多出自专业的雕钮名家.

  收藏这样的印章,一看材质,材质越好越珍贵,比如,要是田黄,那材质本身就很昂贵,二看印章主人,主人身份越高印章越值得收藏.



来源:新浪收藏


TAG:古印章如何收藏 翡翠 翡翠手镯 翡翠观音 jade 七彩云南 云南翡翠 缅甸翡翠 瑞丽翡翠

A Brief Look Into Todays Designer Clothing Influences Fashion Designer

The designer fashion business is a complex and frequently perplexing sector of the clothing business with numerous ties to household names, A-list celebrities, designer mogul’s and other much less know figures that influence the really basis and essence of the collections and ranges produced in stated industry.

The factor that has constantly struck me about the clothing sector is the subtle repetition of styles that seem to happen each and every other decade or so. What I mean by this is at times clothing from 1 era directly influences some of the latter that follow it. For example, who amongst you remembers the 50′s? Not numerous of you I’ll wager but that doesn’t quit some of the clothing designs, like the dresses for example, from generating a firm appearance in the higher end of the fashion market.

We all typically say “hey remember when we had a pair of those” or ” I employed to wear x  or y” to go out in, normally when a younger family members member or friend is showing off a new season designer ought to have.

There are some clothing brands that have broken away from this endless cycle and who try to push the boundaries when it comes to their clothing. In my encounter this is usually found in the a lot more mid to high end of the designer market as not only are the clothes and goods a lot more accessible to the general public but these producers seem to try harder to attract new customers as they are all in immense competition with each other.

I suppose it is also partly down to the truth that social, musical, sexual and numerous other personal influences and options have turn into so changed from how they where in the past. With the invention of modern communications devices and social networking software it has turn out to be far simpler to be influenced by the cultures of other countries, some thing that many clothing designer will have to take into account.

1 of the designer clothing companies I’ve had my eye on for some time now is the henleys clothing organization based in the UK. They have risen from a little shirt producing organization into 1 of the most recognised designer brands on the high-street and net influencing a wide spectrum of the general publics from all walks of life.

It is very difficult not to walk down a busy high street in any UK city and not see numerous henleys logo’s on designer t shirts, the back of jeans, on hooded sweat shirts or even on henleys jackets. Such is the extent of this designer clothing brand’s reach that it would not surprise me in the least to locate it in many other cities all over the world right now.

Perhaps today’s mid-high end designers such as henleys will turn into the futures high end fashion producers as they evolve and experiment with new fabrics, techniques, styles and other aspects of the clothing they generate.


A Brief Look Into Todays Designer Clothing Influences Fashion Designer

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2012-04-19

Nuovi toner compatibili e cartucce solo su Cartuccelive

toner compatibili

Toner Compatibili su Cartuccelive

Cartuccelive, società leader nella vendita online di toner compatibili ti propone i nuovi modelli di toner. Trattasi delle S050650 per le stampanti Epson MX14, MX14NF, M1400 e la nuova MLT D103L per la serie SCX/ML di casa Samsung.

I toner compatibili di Cartuccelive hanno un rapporto qualità/prezzo senza rivali. Grazie alla nostra decennale esperienza nel campo dei consumabili, possiamo offrirti i migliori toner compatibili, con una qualità di stampa e affidabilità paragonabile al prodotto originale, ma con un risparmio netto fino all’80%

Potrai  ordinare comodamente da casa tutti i tuoi toner compatibili, e vederteli consegnare in poche ore. Inoltre, per darti la maggiore sicurezza possibile sull’acquisto, potrai pagare in contrassegno, direttamente al corriere. Dietro un semplice e-commerce, troverai un team gentile e sempre disponibile, pronto ad assisterti per qualsiasi difficoltà. Vieni a trovarci, ti garantiamo, inoltre, tutti i prodotti per ben due anni, con certificazione ISO 9001. Se non sei soddisfatto del nostro prodotto, ti rimborseremo l’intero importo.

Se effettui inoltre, un acquisto di almeno 60€, le spese di spedizione te le regaliamo noi. Tempi di evasione e consegna bassissimi. Se effettui l’ordine entro le ore 13, nel 95% dei casi, il tuo ordine sarà evaso e affidato al corriere entro le ore 14, con consegna prevista in 24/36 ore con corriere espresso GLS.

Visita www.cartuccelive.it


Nuovi toner compatibili e cartucce solo su Cartuccelive

TAG:toner compatibili toner compatibile

商人花7.6万元买假和田玉 两犯罪嫌疑人被判刑

商人花7.6万元买假和田玉 两犯罪嫌疑人被判刑

  记者 饶金兰

  价值20多万的上等和田玉,居然只卖7.6万。这让生意人谭某有些动心。加上所谓的“大师”鉴定把关,谭某便步入了这场精心设计的骗局。昨日,记者从九龙坡区法院获悉,因构成诈骗罪,嫌疑人刘某、汪某分别获刑。

  去年5月3日,谭某在成都平乐古镇旅游时认识了刘某。刘某自称是珠宝公司总经理,有大量别人委托销售的珠宝。并将一块“由上等和田玉制成的玉观音”及“鉴定证书”推荐给谭某。

  谭某担心受骗。刘某提议,到成都找鉴宝专家。在成都武候区中海龙湾半岛小区一栋楼内,刘某带谭某认识了所谓的鉴宝大师“汪大师”。

  “这种和田玉在新疆都是少有的,至少价值20万元。”听了大师的鉴定,谭某以7.6万元买下了玉观音。回到重庆后,他找了多家玉石鉴定机构鉴定,被告知是假货,随后向九龙坡警方报警,去年11月,骗子刘某和“汪大师”被捉获。

  昨日,法院一审判处刘某有期徒刑四年,汪某有期徒刑两年。


TAG:商人花7 6万元买假和田玉 两犯罪嫌疑人被判刑

评杨光和田玉器皿作品

评杨光和田玉器皿作品

杨光玉雕作品碧玉《提梁卣》 杨光玉雕作品碧玉《提梁卣》 杨光玉雕作品和田玉籽《海棠炉》 杨光玉雕作品和田玉籽《海棠炉》

  如果说山籽为中国文人士大夫所好,而有了文人画的“山水韵味”,小件把玩,玲珑剔透,温文尔雅,自有闲庭信步的“雅趣”;那么玉雕器皿,则因受到历代皇家的推崇而受到“大家”的赏识,就如同戏剧晚会中的压轴之作,玉雕器皿在中国文化的大戏中,翘楚收藏界。
过去的一年多时间,玉雕器皿曾屡屡创下单品过千万的纪录,为其聚集了不小的市场人气。刚刚由玉雕名家,器皿大师杨光创作完成地和田玉籽《海棠炉》既已雕琢完毕,便有人拿着900万元上门收货;而来自玉石料市场的消息,一块40克的玩石以150万被藏友购得,又似乎在提醒观众,900万元还远不是这个故事的终点。

  玉雕器皿,由于讲究对称、线条的圆润,造型的大小、气势,对于材料有着比较高的要求,能够雕琢为器,已属不易。比如咎裂,玉料的形状、玉质的细腻、颜色的均一都有着近乎苛刻的要求。“有时候,作品几乎就要成型了,一条意外的咎裂可能导致整个过程功亏一篑”。

  风险大,玉料要求高,加上玉料价格昂贵,让玉雕器皿的琢制变成了而一场豪赌,而在赌局中,似乎只有富于冒险精神的玩家才能进场,也只有宠辱不惊者才能有所收获。毕竟,一块动辄几百上千万的石头(玉料),它已经在烈火洪荒中挣扎了千万年,谁又能保证里面不会裂,有浆,有水线呢?笔者听到的故事只有两个结局,赢或输。赢了,江湖上只是多了一个传说,而那件惊世之作很快被藏家所藏,绝大部分人将永远也见不到;输了,只能默默离开,不留痕迹。

  故一件材质上乘、器形硕大的和田玉籽料器皿件极为难得,趋之者若鹜,流传于后世。

  在故宫(微博)博物院,笔者看到几百年前工匠所琢制的《壶》,它器形规整,线条圆润,更以羊头作为装饰,古朴典雅。我们可以想见,在没有电力驱动的时代,哪怕刻画一条直线,也将是一件非常困难的事情,而能从一块顽石中琢出一只圆润古朴的茶壶,却又不留造作之痕迹,确实是天工之作,无限上品。

  这些留存的器物体现了一个民族的勤劳智慧和品味。它所见证的即是民族的历史文化。如今它的传承并未停歇,并已经结下璀璨之花。

  在已故扬州玉雕器皿大师、江苏省工艺美术大师刘筱华的作品中,我们还能看到过去的工艺匠人不吝工巧,为后世传至宝的精神。《内链双瓶》既是这种精神的物化,这件作品的工艺难度,创意之巧绝,可谓空前绝后,这件作品也完全可以作为实物,为500年后依然璀璨的中国历史文化做个见证。

  斯人已逝,他的作品还将流传千古,他的气度还将通过后人,薪火相传,生生不息。

  杨光,即是刘筱华大师最得意的弟子,他的器皿件已经不同于他的师傅,在规矩、工巧、气势之外,又赋予了玉雕器皿清新、生动的元素;例如白玉《千禧瓶》,在素面的瓶身上,雕二三蟋蟀,不仅自然逼真,动作更是生趣盎然。为了达到这种效果,创作者甚至较真于蟋蟀腿部弯曲的程度,蟋蟀爪子着地的力度,两只蟋蟀触须的交互,而如此不吝工巧,乃是趣味使然。

  杨光说,“三只蟋蟀正好是一家三口,小蟋蟀不仅为画面带来的变化,亦为作品增添了生机。”

  这比仅仅强调器皿的造型,比例,线条,甚至器皿的气势要更富于人文气息。杨光玉雕器皿的创作兼收并蓄,既有继承,又有所创新。造型依然是杨光器皿作品的灵魂,我们很容易从他的作品造型中捕捉到雄浑、肃穆之气势。不仅如此,他的作品亦蕴含着个人之情趣,观者或能从中体察作者的内心。

  海派玉雕大师洪新华曾经说过,,“琢玉是窥镜自照,每一番雕琢打磨,都透射出琢玉人的思想境界和道德情操。”

  有诗曰:“乾坤有精物,至宝无文章。雕琢为世器,真性一朝伤。”

  玉这一天地灵物,让诗人感叹,至最美则无言;然而,对极爱之物,是容不得半点瑕疵的,否则难免落于俗套,以致“真性一朝伤”。

  既爱慕玉石的温润自然,又担心雕琢之后,落入俗套。这是诗人的境界;而作玉之人,手抚刀切,不仅看穿石下三尺,更通过手指的摩挲,了然于玉石天然的毛孔,体味到玉石的细腻温润。这是大师的心灵感应,如诗人般敏感。

  不为世器,不伤真性,“不负心语”,我们从杨光玉雕作品中所感到的审美体验,亦是其“不负心语”的性情使然。

  杨光简介:

  杨光,江苏省工艺美术名人,扬州市工艺美术大师,获得中国轻工业联合会等联合颁发的“中国青年玉石雕刻艺术家”荣誉称号。1986年与玉结缘,1999年创办“阳光玉器厂”,师从江苏省工艺美术大师刘筱华先生,擅琢器皿件,为扬州玉器器皿件代表人物。


TAG:评杨光和田玉器皿作品

邱启敬作品青花和田玉系列展现弘一法师绝笔

邱启敬作品青花和田玉系列展现弘一法师绝笔

  来自福州的当代雕刻艺术家邱启敬即日起至4月25日在上海美术馆(微博)举办 “超越与反观”个展,此次展览将以回顾性的展陈,推出艺术家近年来跨门类跨题材的雕塑、雕刻作品,其最新创作的青花和田玉系列,具有中国古典人文气质,其作品《悲欣交集见观经》,更将弘一法师的绝笔以玉雕方式呈现。

  邱启敬身上浓缩了中国传统工艺文明进入当代社会的艰难过程。他毕业于福州工艺美校,但并没有徘徊于民间工艺的状态中,而是通过中央美院雕塑系学习了现代艺术理念,又将当代艺术手法带入寿山石雕刻领域,独创出融合了东西方文化的全新艺术境界。邱启敬作品中有传统山水、花鸟、人物,但都被他分解为个性化的创作元素,其代表作 《仿八大山人荷花翠鸟笔意》、《悲欣交集见观经》,都选取了中国书画文化精华进行玉雕上的重构,既古典又现代。

  邱启敬的雕刻作品与传统的寿山石雕最大的不同,在于他在雕刻中体现了对外部世界和自我的哲学反思,对人类生存状态的批判。邱启敬能在传统石雕和当代艺术巨大的文化落差中找到立足之地,成为文明传承的一个值得期许的案例,因此,他的个展开幕式成为当代艺术界、艺术网络、银行界纷纷嫁接展示的平台。 (记者 詹皓)


TAG:邱启敬作品青花和田玉系列展现弘一法师绝笔

和田玉籽料价格再涨一成

和田玉籽料价格再涨一成

  清明刚过,春意逾浓,笔者趁着大好春光去了趟新疆和田,回来路上又拐去石佛寺走了一遭。此行主要是采购高端和田玉籽料原石,出行之前就拟定了目标,所以并无太多花絮,几乎每到一处都是直奔主题,可任务还是完成得很艰辛,精品和田玉籽料又涨了一成。

  和田玉籽料精品难求 价格强势上涨一成

  在和田市的加买路和田玉交易市场及“总闸口”呆了五天,看了好多个维族老朋友的货,总有那种一年比一年差的感觉,价格却不见丝毫松懈。虽然各种报道满天飞,但我也不期待价格降,因为压根不可能,可现在却竟然又涨了不少,几番商议,最终以高出去年底近一成的价格成交,看得上的也就那么多,全拿了也略显不够。

  近段时间玉石市场出现波动,爆炒势头明显降温。可是美玉难求啊,明眼人都能看出精品和田白籽日益稀少,最近御府和田玉就有藏家千万级手笔扫货,可见藏品市场并不缺钱。维族人也不犯傻,根本不愁好料子卖不出去,上图中的那种大小的精品籽料要价快到五万了。

  低端玉石价格明显松动 将跌去三成左右

  回上海之前,去石佛寺观摩了两天。这里的玉料可就多了,除了低端的俄料、韩料,料器、阿玉的、磨光的、染色的等假货遍地都是,只有想不到,没有做不到,多不胜举,防不胜防。

  虽然低端玉石价格有松动已经是不争的事实,可漫天要价的商贩还是很多。仔细砍价一番,你会发现,他们不再像以前那么强硬了,大刀砍下去,说不定就成了,倒是你不知道该咋办了。跟几个老哥们聊,看得出最近日子过的一般,好料子有人要但没货,差的料却积压了不少,只能眼看着跌,估摸着能有30%的空间。

  这几年普通玉石跟着和田籽料翻了几个跟头,以前玉商进一大卡车低端玉料就等着卖出去数钱,可谓春风得意。现在做的人多了,大批玉料从各处挖来,市场上难以消化,终于露出原形,好的就是好的,差的就是差的,饰品市场不可能承受暴涨的价格,精品收藏市场只可能是极少数优质和田籽玉的天堂,市场不可能无限扩容,该涨的还得涨,该跌的不跌不行。


TAG:和田玉籽料价格再涨一成

藏家:黄龙玉跑水跑色不值得收藏

藏家:黄龙玉跑水跑色不值得收藏

藏家 藏家 翡翠 翡翠 和田玉“玉洗”。 和田玉“玉洗”。

  本版文/图 羊城晚报记者 许悦 实习生 陈莲周

  近年来国内投资市场上涨价幅度最大的品种是什么?股票、房产、黄金,还是大宗商品?都不是!这些投资品的价格上涨,比起一块块疯狂的石头,都只能说是小巫见大巫。在翡翠的带领下,近十年间,很多玉石的价格以十倍、百倍甚至千倍的数量级上涨。而黄金不过涨了近5倍,白银最高涨了约9倍,铂金涨了不到3倍,钯金价格甚至还低于2000年。

  疯狂石头的价值神话,几乎发展到了“沾石必涨”的地步。最突出的例子是,近年玉石收藏市场上,黄龙玉和岫玉这类本不入流,在几年前只能称得上是杂石的品种,也成为收藏投资界的新宠,身价翻滚直上,上演着“石头变玉”的神话。不仅如此,一众金丝玉、台山玉、蓝田玉、昆仑玉、独山玉打着“新玉种”的旗号,价格也成倍飙涨。

  黄龙玉、昆仑玉、金丝玉、台山玉、蓝田玉到底有没有收藏投资价值?它们的价格神话,是价值的回归,还是炒家的推动?在玉石普涨的情况下,还有什么潜力股可挖?最重要的是,玩玉的方向到底在哪里?

  特邀嘉宾

  佘定常(广东省珠宝玉石首饰行业协会会长、中国珠宝玉石首饰行业协会副会长)

  侯舜瑜(广地珠宝董事长、总经理,国家注册珠宝鉴定师)

  嘉宾主持

  赵利平(收藏家、资深艺术评论人)

  不可能随便就冒出一个新玉种

  赵利平:其实不仅仅是黄龙玉,最近几年市场上冒出了很多新玉种,像昆仑玉、金丝玉、台山玉、蓝田玉等等,价格也都涨得很厉害。

  佘定常:和田玉和翡翠已经涨得这么厉害,而且资源也稀缺,肯定会有替代品出现,这很正常,大家去追捧,也是无可厚非的。但是从收藏的角度来讲,目前还没有一种玉石,可以挑战或者撼动和田玉和翡翠的地位。

  侯舜瑜:中国的四大名玉,矿物都是经过几亿年的时间才形成的,不可能随随便便就冒出一个新玉种。昆仑玉、金丝玉、台山玉、蓝田玉等等,其实都是噱头,新壶装旧酒。好像台山玉,其实是黄龙玉的一种,只不过产自台山,就被包装成了一个新玉种。又比如汉白玉、大理玉、阿富汗玉、蓝田玉,其实都是同一种矿物碳酸盐大理石,物质成分是相同的,但不包装卖不出好价钱,所以各地在宣传时,都套上一个漂亮的名称,产自北京的被称为汉白玉,产自云南大理的叫大理玉,产自阿富汗的叫阿富汗玉,产自陕西蓝田的叫蓝田玉。

  但也有一种情况,某种矿物早就被发现,只是一直没有发现宝石级的。比如坦桑石,这种矿物早就被发现,但是1967年的时候,才在非洲的坦桑尼亚发现了宝石级的,这是世界上坦桑石唯一的产地。为了纪念坦桑尼亚共和国成立,才把这种宝石级别的矿物命名为坦桑石。

  赵利平:独山玉和岫玉最近几年价格也涨了很多,它们有没有收藏价值?

  侯舜瑜:打个比方,和田玉和翡翠就是大盘股、蓝筹股,而其他的玉石只是题材股。岫玉之所以一直炒不起来,除了其产量很大之外,最重要的原因是岫玉本身的品质不行,质地比较软,放久了光泽容易浑浊暗淡,还会失水、褪色,远不如翡翠玉器那样越擦越亮,所以这些材质特点决定了岫玉只能是一种低档玉料,多用于摆件。而汉白玉、大理玉、阿富汗玉、蓝田玉容易开裂,也不是传世的藏品。

  赵利平:我们可以这样理解,黄龙玉、金丝玉等新冒出来的“玉种”,没有历史文化的积淀,没有经过市场长时间的考验,品质的稳定性也未被认可,充其量只能是有所玉化的石头。那么,如果单从投资的角度出发,谁有可能会是下一个黄龙玉?

  侯舜瑜:从资源稀缺性来看,我比较看好绿松石和孔雀石,一个产自湖北竹山,一个产自广东阳春等地。绿松石有着独特的蔚蓝色,而孔雀石的绿色非常浓重,而且它们的质地硬度也相对较高。特别是绿松石,它的颜色是传统伊斯兰教、藏传佛教的宗教色,可以用于雕琢饰品和摆件。

黄龙玉获奖作品《夜游赤壁》黄龙玉获奖作品《夜游赤壁》。黄龙玉获奖作品《道法自然》。黄龙玉获奖作品《道法自然》。

  真正的藏家

  谁都不收黄龙玉

  赵利平:从2000年开始,翡翠的价格就一路攀升,最近两年更是一年翻数倍。还有我们的“国玉”和田玉,最近几年也一直在追赶翡翠,也出现了上百万元难买一公斤和田玉的现象,真可谓“千金易得美玉难求”。不仅如此,最近几年,只要跟玉沾边的石头,身价也都集体大涨。最具神话色彩的当推黄龙玉,这种石头在2000年开采之初被称为“黄蜡石”,后来被称为“黄龙玉”。在2004年以前,“黄蜡石”身价很低,等同于石头,而现在摇身一变的“黄龙玉”,每千克的价格已经达到了几千元乃至几万元。这些价格暴涨的玉石新贵,到底有没有收藏价值?

  侯舜瑜:这七八年来,和田玉和翡翠的涨价潮至少富了十万人。我们考虑一种玉石有没有收藏价值,要看它是否同时具备以下几种属性:一是资源稀缺性,物以稀为贵;二是维护费用不高,好像翡翠,后期基本无须维护;最重要的是,看其是否得到传统价值的认同,比如欧泊,虽然也很漂亮,还是世界五大宝石之一,但是它含水,放久了会脱水,光泽会黯淡,物质结构不太稳定,所以也不太倾向于把它作为一种收藏品。还有黄龙玉,为什么传统的收藏家不会把黄龙玉当成收藏品?因为它经不起历史的考验,没有文化内涵,即使近几年价格涨得厉害,但是真正的藏家谁都不收黄龙玉,真正的玉器行家也没人会做黄龙玉生意。

  赵利平:对于黄龙玉是玉是石,之前一直都有纷争,但最新一版的《珠宝玉石名称》国家标准(GB/T16552-2010)正式发布实施,黄龙玉已经被收入了天然玉石名称之中,进入与翡翠、和田玉等玉石同等的行列,为什么它最终还是没有收藏价值?

  佘定常:收藏其实应该是收藏文化,选择一件收藏品,一定要考究它的文化内涵和文化积淀。但翡翠价格经过这么多年的历史考验,仍然能够不断攀升,因为它有几百年的文化沉淀。和田玉的历史更悠久,承载了从上古到现在7000多年的文化,“完璧归赵”、“价值连城”等很多典故,说的都是和田玉,在中国文化历史上,再没其他东西能够由单一物质,传承为一种文化。

  反观黄龙玉,看完就完了,说不出什么历史,什么典故,缺少文化支撑。它的价格暴涨,更多是炒作的推动。炒家看到翡翠、和田玉涨得太厉害了,获利空间越来越小,就把黄龙玉推了出来。其实黄龙玉的物质成分不稳定,致密度远不如翡翠、和田玉,容易跑水跑色。我做过实验,拿一块黄龙玉在室内放着,三个月或者半年后你再看,颜色就会变淡变白,如果有光晒的话,变色更快。而翡翠、和田玉物质成分很稳定,放上几百年、几千年都不会跑水跑色,因此它们才是值得人们长期收藏的。

  侯舜瑜:所以收藏很考验个人眼光,最重要的是不要跟风,不要乱买一通。我们常说文以载道,其实玉也载道。在中国,玉象征着和平、圆满,而且同样一块玉,后期的人工雕琢也赋予了它不同的文化内涵。

  佘定常:好像台北故宫(微博)的翠玉白菜,材质本身价值并不是很高,而且按照现在的工艺水平来说,它的雕工也不是很好,现在一个能工巧匠,随随便便一件作品,工艺水平都会比它高。但放在当时的历史背景下,能够有这样的技艺水准已经很了不起了,其后来的历史传承,又赋予了它很多历史文化价值,所以现在它的知名度那么高,被称为国宝,也不为过。

  和田玉追赶翡翠的步伐从未停过

  赵利平:玩玉不是从现代才开始的,上等的玉石古代就火了,比如和田玉、羊脂玉,都是古时候的“皇玉”。据我的观察,之前有一段时间和田玉的价格上涨得比较厉害,但最近几年翡翠的风头又盖过了和田玉,两者之间价格谁高谁低似乎难以比较。

  佘定常:和田玉是中国传统的玉种,翡翠相对和田玉而言是后起之秀。之前北方人比较喜欢和田玉的温润,南方人则比较喜欢翡翠的艳丽,和田玉在南方几乎没有市场。后来广地珠宝在广州最早引入和田玉,经过这么多年的市场培育,还有和田玉本身价值的被发现,近年来和田玉在南方的市场越来越大。但相比而言,翡翠目前依旧在南方市场占主导地位,不过,和田玉还是有很大的市场潜力和空间的。

  侯舜瑜:2002年的时候,我们第一家将和田玉引入广州市场,当时看中的就是和田玉几千年的文化积淀,觉得这个市场肯定是被忽视了的。但刚开始推广的时候的确很困难,南方人对和田玉的认知度普遍不高,虽然当时和田玉的价格已经定得很低了,但买的人仍然很少。我记得当时一个小玉扣,可以只卖300元,现在起码都过千元,十年间价格涨了六七倍。

  和田玉价格的真正腾飞是从2008年奥运会后开始的,当时昆仑玉被定为北京奥运会的奖牌用玉,其实昆仑玉就是和田玉的一种。加上当时国学兴起,传统题材回归,对和田玉的关注度越来越高,但直到最近四五年,其他珠宝商行才开始跟进销售和田玉。虽然和田玉追赶翡翠的步伐从来没停过,但因为消费者对其认知度不如翡翠高,所以一直到现在,和田玉的价格与翡翠还有一定的差距。

  佘定常:另外,和田玉与翡翠相比,首饰功能也比较弱。翡翠可以跟钻石、黄金镶成各种戒指、首饰,但和田玉的色调很单一,没有给设计师留下充足的发挥空间。不仅如此,和田玉偏向于环、盘,所以它比较常见的是用作手环,而翡翠在首饰的运用上非常多样性。

  赵利平:据我所知,一些人不敢收藏和田玉的一个原因,还因为和田玉比较难鉴别,除了新疆料,还有青海料、俄国料、加拿大料等等,他们都称自己是新疆和田玉,但一拿去鉴别,出来的证书上写的都是和田玉。

  侯舜瑜:这涉及到国家标准的制定。和田玉是原产我国新疆和田的玉石,不过现在按照国家标准,所有的软玉都被叫做和田玉。也许有人质疑国标为什么这么笼统,但从技术鉴定的角度来看,标准必须有可操作性,这是我们制定标准的前提。虽然我们这些常年在市场上摸爬滚打的人,很容易就能将几种和田玉分辨出来,但是按照技术手段,却是没有办法让显微镜分出几种玉石的产地。而且参照钻石的国际标准,钻石也不分产地只看4C。

  赵利平:那新疆以外的和田玉有没有收藏投资价值?

  侯舜瑜:南橘北枳,和田玉也一样,不同产地的料,质量肯定不一样,不然价格不会相差那么多。现在新疆出产的和田玉籽料价格,是俄罗斯料的5倍,青海料的10倍以上,韩国料的15倍以上。在我们专业人士的眼里,新疆和田地区才是品质上乘的白玉籽料之唯一出产地。这里的籽料通常集油润、白、细腻、干净等多个美玉特点为一身。虽说论单个玉石的品质而言,俄料、韩料、青海料等当中的确会出现比新疆和田玉品质更上乘的白玉,但是在同等品质水平上,新疆和田玉的细腻、油润程度、白度肯定会超过其他玉料。

  知多D

  中国四大名玉

  中国四大名玉,是指新疆的“和田玉”、湖北郧县等地产出的“绿松石”、河南南阳的“独山玉”,以及辽宁岫岩的“岫玉”。

  “和田玉”主要分布于新疆莎车至塔什库尔干、和田至于阗、且末县绵延1500公里的昆仑山脉北坡,共有9个产地。玉质为半透明,抛光后呈脂状光泽,硬度在5.5度至6.5度之间。和田玉夹生在海拔3500米至5000米高的山岩中,经长期风化剥解为大小不等的碎块,崩落在山坡上,再经雨水冲刷流入河水中。待秋季河水干涸,在河床中采集的玉块称为籽玉,在岩层中开采的称山料。根据颜色可分为8个品种:白玉、羊脂白玉、青白玉、青玉、黄玉、糖玉、墨玉和碧玉。当中的羊脂白玉是白玉中的上品,含透闪石达99%。羊脂白玉的经济价值几倍于白玉,在汉代、宋代和清乾隆时期,都极其推崇羊脂白玉。

  “绿松石”的工艺名称为松石,是一种具有独特蔚蓝色的玉料。它的英文名称为“turquoise”,即“土耳其石”或“突破玉”。事实上,土耳其并不产绿松石,而是由于古代波斯出产的绿松石经土耳其运往欧洲,才被人们误认为产于土耳其而得此名。在元代,绿松石被称作“甸子”或“碧甸子”。优质的绿松石主要用于制作蛋形戒面、胸坠等,质量一般的绿松石则用于制作各种款式的项链。

  “独山玉”又称“南阳玉”或“南玉”,产于南阳市城区北边的独山。它有绿、白、黄、紫、红、白6种色素77个色彩类型,是玉雕的一等原料。其中以芙蓉石、透水白玉、绿玉的价值最高。独山玉的历史也很悠久,1959年在独山附近的黄山新石器时代遗址出产的玉铲,证明早在5000多年前,先民们就已认识和使用了独山玉。

  “岫玉”是一种软玉,因主要产地在辽宁釉岩而得名,属蛇纹石。它形成于镁质碳酸岩的变质大理石中,外观呈青绿色或黄绿色,半透明,抛光后呈蜡状光泽。岫玉的产量之大和用料之多,在四大名玉之中均占首位。但因其硬度低,在玉器被擦拭保洁的过程中,容易被磨损而使本来不强的光泽逐渐变暗淡,故岫玉属低档玉料。而在制作大型玉雕座件和中小型摆件中,因对玉的硬度要求较低,所以仍是颇受欢迎的玉种。

  许悦、陈莲周


TAG:藏家:黄龙玉跑水跑色不值得收藏

鸡血石价格猛涨8倍以上

鸡血石价格猛涨8倍以上

  藏家认为价值稍逊 要警惕炒作风险

  数百人拿着锄头、背着箩筐上山采石,挖出一块石头,转手卖出上万甚至数十万元,这种故事,在出产鸡血石的临安昌化经常上演。而现在,几乎一模一样的财富传奇,正在原本宁静的陕西小城旬阳被复制。

  在昌化等传统鸡血石产地资源临近枯竭的背景下,陕西旬阳盛产鸡血石的消息横空出世,而据媒体报道,不少浙江、福建等地的阔绰买家云集旬阳,一掷千金。

  今年3月,一则“寻找鸡血石”的电视专题片播出了旬阳鸡血石的故事,引起了轰动。据《时代周报(微博)》报道,由于内蒙古巴林、浙江昌化、贵州寿山这三大鸡血石产地的鸡血石资源临近枯竭,宁静的陕南小城旬阳成为买家云集之地。自去年5月起,旬阳兴起了一场鸡血石风暴:在不足一年时间,旬阳鸡血石价格猛涨8倍以上。

  报道称,在旬阳生产鸡血石的消息传开后,浙江、福建等地的人蜂拥而至。

  杭州的一位鸡血石藏家告诉记者,“收藏界都知道中国有四个鸡血石产地,除了昌化鸡血、巴林鸡血、贵州鸡血,还有一个就是被称为‘西安鸡血’的旬阳鸡血石。”

  “收藏鸡血石主要考虑颜色、血量和硬度。一般来说,收藏鸡血石首选的是昌化鸡血和巴林鸡血。其中又以昌化鸡血最好。“相比昌化鸡血,旬阳鸡血品质上还是有比较大的差距,最关键的在于太硬了,所以价值也要低一些。”

  鸡血石就是含有硫化汞的红色石头,是汞锑矿伴生物,是中国独有的珍贵宝石,历来为文人雅士所喜爱。上述杭州藏家表示,一些关于鸡血石价格暴涨的消息,可能有一定的炒作成分。

  “收藏界认为,寿山田黄被称为‘石中之帝’,而鸡血石被称为‘石中皇后’,现在价格最高的寿山田黄,已经卖到9万元/克,普通的田黄价格也在1万-2万元/克。相比之下,鸡血石的价格却涨得并不多。另一方面,好石头资源的确越来越少,比如昌化老坑鸡血石,现在几乎已经看不到了,自然也会有升值空间。”

  所以,收藏界很多人都认为鸡血石将会迎来一波上涨,不过,这位藏家也提醒,这几年艺术品投资收藏异常火爆,其中炒作成分非常大,投资者应该注意其中风险。


TAG:鸡血石价格猛涨8倍以上

玉石收藏:弄清种类再进行投资

玉石收藏:弄清种类再进行投资

  人们常说:“黄金有价玉无价”,这里的无价指的玉的投资价值。玉石种类繁多,简单的分类就有六种,分别是和田玉、汉白玉、青玉、古玉、玉石石料、玉石工艺品。如此丰富多彩的玉石自然形成了灿烂的中国玉文化。常听说谁家买了玉石,转手卖了就转了几十万甚至上百万,于是大家就一股脑的扎向玉石收藏市场,想淘上一桶金。但是也有不少人因为不懂其中的门道,交了高昂的“学费”,损失惨重。

  收藏不在于早晚,但不能说一点“学费”都不用交。“学费”多少,完全在于我们自己。因此,做任何收藏之前都要分清收藏领域的分类,玉石更不能例外。在此,小编特地为大家收集玉石收藏的资料,加工成系列稿件,为大家在玉石收藏中提供参考信息。

  根据现代地质学的理论,玉石可以分为分为“硬玉”和“软玉”两种。

  “硬玉”专指翡翠,属辉石类,质地坚密,有玻璃光泽,把玉对着光看有隐约的水晶结构。其摩氏硬度为7 ,硬度较高,比重为3.33,玉拿在手里面有沉甸甸的压手感。

  “软玉”属角闪石类,其摩氏硬度最高一般不超过6-6.5 ,较硬玉软。软玉的玉石种类非常多,岫玉、南阳玉、蓝田玉、和田玉、玛瑙、水晶、珊瑚、绿松石、青金石等等,均属于软玉范畴。后来由于丝绸之路的开通,新疆和田地区出产的玉石得到了一致的认可,开始在宫廷、官方及民间的玉器加工中,逐渐成为主角,软玉逐渐演变成了和田玉的代名词。

  和田玉硬度为6-6.5 ,比重为2.963.17,由于和田玉成分的不同,和田玉在色彩上又分为白玉、青玉、碧玉、墨玉、黄玉,其中黄玉最为罕见珍贵,次之则是羊脂白玉(因其温润洁白如羊脂而得名),墨玉的数量也非常少。青玉是和田玉中数量最多的玉石,也是质量和价格最低的一种玉石。现在市面上很多价格极低的“京白玉”和“阿玉”以及“巴玉”这些料器和玉挂不上勾,属于大理石的一种,大理石有的放射性元素极高,家庭装修要尽量少用这种矿物质。如果配戴在身上,对身体还有极大的损害。

  远在夏商周时代,中国就有了了玉器加工业,到目前为止,已经绵延了数千年,由于和田玉的矿藏有限,目前已经很少出产,所以目前玉器市场上有不良商贩用青海白玉和俄罗斯白玉冒充和田玉的玉器,牟取暴利。

  对于玉器爱好者来说,弄清楚玉的种类是收藏玉器的第一步,也是最关键的一步,只有弄清楚了玉的种类,才可以在日后的玉器收藏与玉石鉴别中顺利的收到自己喜爱的玉器。在今后的系列稿件中还将有更多关于玉石收藏的资讯,请各位网友关注。



TAG:玉石收藏:弄清种类再进行投资

石家庄珠宝玉石博览会举办

石家庄珠宝玉石博览会举办

  石家庄珠宝玉石博览会日前在省国际博览中心举办,琳琅满目的珠宝玉石、紫砂书画、陶瓷石雕等展销品,让省会的收藏爱好者过了一把淘宝瘾。

  本报记者 张震 通讯员 詹新城 摄


TAG:石家庄珠宝玉石博览会举办

神秘赌石首现哈市

神秘赌石首现哈市

  日前,市民刘女士打进热线:一刀穷,一刀富,一刀穿麻布;疯子买,疯子卖,还有疯子在等待……这段顺口溜说的是赌石,描述的是翡翠原石惊心动魄的特殊交易方式.最近,哈市道外区靖宇大街的古玩城里也开了这样的赌石店,许多人参与.

  近日,记者来到道外区靖宇大街古玩城,只见一家名为“翡翠赌石”的店面门口摆放着好几筐石头,价格分别为每块30元、50元、100元.店内货架上的石头琳琅满目,价格在几百元至几千元不等,而另一侧的货架上摆放的石头则按每公斤180元至260元出售.老板告诉记者,他原先经营翡翠,2月份转行开了这家赌石行.店里出售的就是赌石用的石头.翡翠在开采出来时有一层风化皮包着,须切割后才能知道翡翠的品质.赌石虽然在南方很盛行,一些人在电视上也看到过,但真正接触的人很少.开这家店就是希望市民在体会刺激的同时,知道美丽的翡翠从何而来.

  在另一家赌石商铺内也摆放着大大小小的原石,每块原石都标有标号和价格.一位买主正用强光手电查看原石.“能看出里面有翡翠吗?”记者询问道.“要是能看出来就不叫赌石了,只是通过纹路判断一下.”买主回答道.

  采访中,记者接触了一些赌石者.“一个月花多少钱赌石?”记者问.“没多少钱,就是消遣.赌石跟买彩票一样都要有个度.”一位赌石者说.

  赌石行崔经理告诉记者,赌石在滇缅边境一带非常流行,我市今年才刚刚出现.现在不管是经营者还是买石者都处在初级阶段.前几天有一位买主买块巴掌大的原石,切开后是块墨翠,价值一下子翻了100倍.但赌石毕竟具有赌博色彩,刺激性强,风险大,保持一颗平常心非常重要.




来源:新浪收藏


TAG:神秘赌石首现哈市 翡翠 翡翠手镯 翡翠观音 jade 七彩云南 云南翡翠 缅甸翡翠 瑞丽翡翠

玉石收藏弄清种类再进行投资

玉石收藏弄清种类再进行投资

硬玉代表——翡翠 硬玉代表——翡翠 软玉代表——和田玉 软玉代表——和田玉 和田玉中身价较高的和田墨玉。 和田玉中身价较高的和田墨玉。

  人们常说:“黄金有价玉无价”,这里的无价指的玉的投资价值。玉石种类繁多,简单的分类就有六种,分别是和田玉、汉白玉、青玉、古玉、玉石石料、玉石工艺品。如此丰富多彩的玉石自然形成了灿烂的中国玉文化。常听说谁家买了玉石,转手卖了就转了几十万甚至上百万,于是大家就一股脑的扎向玉石收藏市场,想淘上一桶金。但是也有不少人因为不懂其中的门道,交了高昂的“学费”,损失惨重。

  收藏不在于早晚,但不能说一点“学费”都不用交。“学费”多少,完全在于我们自己。因此,做任何收藏之前都要分清收藏领域的分类,玉石更不能例外。在此,小编特地为大家收集玉石收藏的资料,加工成系列稿件,为大家在玉石收藏中提供参考信息。

  根据现代地质学的理论,玉石可以分为分为“硬玉”和“软玉”两种。

  “硬玉”专指翡翠,属辉石类,质地坚密,有玻璃光泽,把玉对着光看有隐约的水晶结构。其摩氏硬度为7 ,硬度较高,比重为3.33,玉拿在手里面有沉甸甸的压手感。

  “软玉”属角闪石类,其摩氏硬度最高一般不超过6-6.5 ,较硬玉软。软玉的玉石种类非常多,岫玉、南阳玉、蓝田玉、和田玉、玛瑙、水晶、珊瑚、绿松石、青金石等等,均属于软玉范畴。后来由于丝绸之路的开通,新疆和田地区出产的玉石得到了一致的认可,开始在宫廷、官方及民间的玉器加工中,逐渐成为主角,软玉逐渐演变成了和田玉的代名词。

  和田玉硬度为6-6.5 ,比重为2.963.17,由于和田玉成分的不同,和田玉在色彩上又分为白玉、青玉、碧玉、墨玉、黄玉,其中黄玉最为罕见珍贵,次之则是羊脂白玉(因其温润洁白如羊脂而得名),墨玉的数量也非常少。青玉是和田玉中数量最多的玉石,也是质量和价格最低的一种玉石。现在市面上很多价格极低的“京白玉”和“阿玉”以及“巴玉”这些料器和玉挂不上勾,属于大理石的一种,大理石有的放射性元素极高,家庭装修要尽量少用这种矿物质。如果配戴在身上,对身体还有极大的损害。

  远在夏商周时代,中国就有了了玉器加工业,到目前为止,已经绵延了数千年,由于和田玉的矿藏有限,目前已经很少出产,所以目前玉器市场上有不良商贩用青海白玉和俄罗斯白玉冒充和田玉的玉器,牟取暴利。

  对于玉器爱好者来说,弄清楚玉的种类是收藏玉器的第一步,也是最关键的一步,只有弄清楚了玉的种类,才可以在日后的玉器收藏与玉石鉴别中顺利的收到自己喜爱的玉器。在今后的系列稿件中还将有更多关于玉石收藏的资讯,请各位网友关注。


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南通最大规模文物交易会举办

南通最大规模文物交易会举办

  南通网讯(记者 吴银华 通讯员 施冲)昨天今天两天,我市历史上最大规模的文物交易会——第二届中国文物交易会在南通淘宝城举办,来自全国19个省市自治区的520多名文物商人参加交易会,进场交易文物的品种有数千种价值上亿元.

  据了解,南通淘宝城有专业的古玩市场,入驻经营户近300户.这次有来自新疆、河南、江苏等19个省市自治区的520多名文物交易商与会,带来的文物有瓷器、和田玉器、书画作品、红木雕刻、红色文物等数千品种价值上亿元,前来的市民也络绎不绝.文物商人大多数第一次来通.现场成交的最大一笔交易为一只价值超过百万元的珍贵犀牛角;一名红色文物爱好者也一下购买了上万元的毛泽东像章等红色文物.来自外地和本市的一批知名文物专家现场为文物爱好者免费鉴宝.



来源:新浪收藏


TAG:南通最大规模文物交易会举办 翡翠 翡翠手镯 翡翠观音 jade 七彩云南 云南翡翠 缅甸翡翠 瑞丽翡翠

Variantes bourse Hermès varient Sac Hermes pas cher

Variantes bourse Hermès varient Sac Hermes pas cher
Variantes bourse Hermès varient Sac Hermes pas cher à partir de votre propre système d’embrayage petite néanmoins fonctionnelle tout en utilisant grande consommation néanmoins la mode ainsi que de support. De toute évidence, les standards en cuir à base de variantes ont tendance à être néanmoins obtenu ainsi que le bien-aimé. Néanmoins, la bourse actuelle Hermes est en fait effectivement disponible dans le denim.
Tout au long de deux années précédentes plusieurs Hermes sac a main ventes de produits en ce qui concerne la liste des produits de luxe sont en fait la position des armes merveilleuses. Par conséquent, les résultats de grandes dans le réel Le Hermes France vocabulaire marque magnifique n’est pas réellement votre propre question plus. Néanmoins, non seulement peut Hermes guider le style de maintenir en Hermes soldes ce qui concerne les achats de luxe, mais en outre toutes les dispose de la créativité.
Tout au long de 1837, un grand fabrication des selles organisation habilitée Hermes fini par devenir bien connu par l’intermédiaire de Thierry Hermès. Ayant été traitée ainsi que développé à l’égard de beaucoup plus par rapport à 100 un temps assez long, Hermès finira par l’organisation en place ouverte. Néanmoins, Hermes proches ont néanmoins trente pour cent fournit. Au début du 20e sur une 100 particuliers de 12 mois, avec la voiture qui concerne la reconnaissance de plus en plus, c’est vraiment se concentrer modifiéSac Hermes Soldes afin de bagages ainsi que des troncs. Après la variance du produit est souvent le motif réel avec Hermes.
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Sac Hermes pas cher, Hermes sac a main


Variantes bourse Hermès varient Sac Hermes pas cher

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however the first step toward generation may be sound above years

bags will be more as compared to simply components in the woman attire. They're very useful goods that the majority of females no longer can do without having. Perhaps you have noticed a female without having the girl bag? Investing in this under consideration, it will become vital to make certain that these kinds of energy things become coded in such a manner to be able to go with and also liven up virtually any attire rather than resembling just satchel clinging on your own neck of the guitar.

Prada is a brand identify that is available in the market given that practically century. This is a trend residence which usually models and also markets finishing touches. The fact it's got held up regarding so very long in the industry in which modify will be the simply point continual can be a account for the top quality in which Prada delivers. The particular models made available from this kind of manufacturer are usually very progressive, however the first step toward generation may be sound above years.

Any Prada bag is more when compared to a bag. This is a type assertion which usually units it's actually person aside from the remaining portion of the masses. Any Prada bag can be a combination of favor and also simple features. Regardless of getting very gorgeous at any time Prada carrier remains that, any carrier that will bring every one of the hundred or so then one point a female totally wants along with her on a regular basis. The fact it could convert virtually any attire an individual use directly into one thing fashionable and also appealing is merely an extra to all or any in which great space.

Any Prada bag is not any only a portray, every piece of information will be carefully looked at each ingredient carefully constructed to produce in which shock impressive complete. Each and every Prada carrier is different then one of your sort. They're simply no bulk manufactured purses and handbags in which a single seems just about exactly like one other; they're each and every developed exclusively to produce a trend assertion folks wouldn't normally neglect.

The particular wonderful african american plastic Prada bag is probably the many desired Prada projects. It really is manufactured from a cloth Pocone which can be totally a fantasy to consider and contains an extremely intense sense with it. This can be a single bag that will make one of the most uninteresting regarding garments seem gorgeous. It absolutely was this kind of african american plastic Prada bag which usually launched this business directly into instantaneous recognition in the event it initial became available. Coming from as a manufacturer in which only some individuals were mindful of, it's got abruptly end up being the many top-notch and also well-known manufacturer available in the market nowadays. Any Prada carrier can be popular for your ease and comfort which it delivers, every little thing from the comfort of the particular addresses for the interior cellular lining is manufactured out of the particular softest regarding components offering the highest inside high end.

Prada provides decided the fashion sell for decades. Oahu is the delightful dynamics of the things that they must offer you which usually units these aside from the remaining portion of the developer brand names. These days regarding modify, they are towards the top forever today, and the've performed this without having starting virtually any radical modifications in their particular cosmetics. Prada started off together with offering people who have stylish, innovative finishing touches and so they nonetheless use the identical style.
however the first step toward generation may be sound above years

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How to become a graphic designer? graphic courses online? Fashion Designer

How to become a graphic designer? graphic courses on-line?

A graphic designer really should master all the digital graphic programs likeIllustrator, Photoshop,Indesign, Flash and Dream weaver. Flash and Dream weaver are programs whcih are used for designing and building Internet web sites.
Any potential graphic designer should know these progammes if he or she intends to becomea web designer.
Studying graphic style entails the designer having to learn and construct designs in digital graphic programs, develop a concept and execute it. There is no need for a BA degree or high education to become a graphic designer. Today it’s sufficient to have a diploma as what counts in thegraphic design field is not where you studied but rather your talent and the knowledge you have in style.

Numerous times I hear stories from graphic designers about employers that didn’t bother to check their diploma or were not interested in where they studied. Instead, they wanted to see their portfolio and asked intensively about their graphic
programs skills. High abilities in mastering the graphic programs are the key for a fast worker and very good transferring tips into reality. The graphic designer should show his significant attitude and knowledge he or she brings with them to a working location and typically towards the growing graphic industry of our days.

There is a big selection of possibilities where to study graphic style. Every institution offers specific graphic design program but at the end of the day they are all judged by the graphic design portfolio the students generate. The portfolio will consist of Flash,Illustrator, Photoshop, Indesign and Dream weaver works. There are many career options for graphic designers in the multimedia location, visual communication, advertising and PR, internet style, fashion businesses, photography field, events etc. A designer can emphasize his studies around the Tv style, print, internet style, photo enhancement or graphic illustration. All in all these are the studies of modern digital art which is rapidly creating in our times. Some of the studies programs provided by schools are overlapping and that’s why it is essential to choose about the future graphic design direction the student would like to see himself at the end of the studies. An early direction of career would result in future satisfaction.

Graphic design studies can start off by taking couple of courses like interdiscipline Photoshop course, Photoshop course for Photography, Illustrator course for graphic illustrations or for fashion and graphic design. The studies of graphic design vary from 3 months to two years. If the student decides to study the entire package of Adobe:Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign, Dream weaver and Flash, the studies may well take up to year and a half. Some Art institutions supply degree studies of three to four years, but they can not guarantee a greater portfolio that a student can generate in seven or eight months of studying. Any strategy or studies that the student chooses will get him closer and develop him to a bett er location in the work marketplace, all depending initially on the student talent, the quality of the works he will produce and the level of the guides the school offers.

Throughout and at the end of the studies it is suggested to encounter as many trainee jobs as probable in order to get firsthand expertise with print productions and graphic style.

It is worthwhile to do those jobs without payment if required, just to taste the graphic world and gain some experience. Above all it is critical to present the works we developed in a portfolio, preferably in a site or high top quality printed album. The presentation has to be ideal and show the seriousness of the student on his way to turn into a graphic designer.
Further careers the graphic designer can apply for after his studies are the fashion area, magazine style, newspapers, events, photography and print productions.


How to become a graphic designer? graphic courses online? Fashion Designer

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2012-04-18

青州博物馆藏精品 玉器 鉴赏

青州博物馆藏精品 玉器 鉴赏

青州博物馆藏精品 器 鉴赏

 青州,历史悠久,文化底蕴深厚。七千多年的历史积淀,使得这一地区地上、地下文物丰富。关于青州,在《尚书·禹贡》中就曾提到过,说“海岱惟青州,潍淄其道”,也就是说今天山东的大部分区域都属于古青州的范围。在这个古老的地方,玉的雕琢使用,由来已久。
  就现在考古发现来说,早在8000年前的后李文化时期,我们的先民们就开始雕琢使用玉器。经过北辛文化时期、大汶口文化时期约4000年的发展,到了龙山文化时期,玉器的雕琢达到了较高的水平。青州博物馆所藏玉器以战国、汉代时期的精品最为突出。经过数千年的发展,明清时期玉器跟随着时代的潮流变得世俗化。玉有五德,即仁、义、智、勇、洁。古人常以玉比喻君子,以玉的高雅洁净来比喻君子的高贵气质,以玉的坚硬比喻君子的忠贞,以玉的温润比喻君子的谦恭礼让,“君子佩玉”就是说的这个道理。古人雕琢的美玉展现着中华民族对于玉的尊崇,对于美好人格的向往。现在就让我们走近青州博物馆,从它所藏的精品玉器中来领略玉的这些品德。
  
  玉鱼(图1)商代。1965年山东青州苏埠屯1号墓出土。长9厘米。薄片, 体形较短。眼睛琢成小孔形,可系绳。鳍覆于身,鳍上有小直线。尾部似燕尾,分叉且向两边外撇,尾端有刃,较锋利,可当作小刀使用。鱼身上的线条以直线条为主,且雕刻有力。整体造型美观、生动,形态栩栩如生。这一题材自商周时期就已经开始流行。
  玉兔 (图2) 西周。长4厘米,高2.2厘米,重4.5克。片状,青白色,局部受沁呈黄白色。头微昂,眼突出,嘴微张,下方钻有一孔,孔较大,可系绳。身上寥寥几刀,就展现出兔子机敏、奔跑的神态,可见古人高超的雕玉技巧。
  裸体玉人(图3)战国。共计八件。1996年青州高柳镇东水渠村出土,分两个陶盒盛放。具体排列方式为每件玉人各占陶盒的一个角,男女呈对角放置。头向外脚向内,女为仰面式,男为覆面式放置。这八件玉人,除两女一男正面略有土沁、土锈外,其余五件皆保存完好,体面光洁。玉人为青黄色玉质,玉质晶莹细腻,有光泽。男性(图4)皆头戴平顶型发饰,旁垂两带,系于项下,交叉状搭于胸前;女性(图5)头上无发饰,呈散发披发状至腰际,发丝历历可数,清晰可见。玉人皆面部丰腴,脖颈粗短,右手压左手于腹部,两腿呈分开状,且生殖器刻制明显,但第二性特征不明显。身体肥胖,四肢略短。很显然,这八件雕刻的玉人为孩童,可视为裸体玉男、玉女,或裸体童男童女。盛放玉人的陶盒(图6)为正方形。边长19.3厘米,高14.7厘米,壁厚2.5厘米。盖口沿为子母形口,厚3厘米,上面的四个外角都磨制成委角。盖子的中央部位有一小孔,陶盒的两端也各有一个小孔。每个陶盒上共有三个小孔洞,其用意是供陶盒里的玉人通过小孔呼吸空气,或自由出入。据考证应是祭祀用品,凭借玉的灵气,求子孙繁衍。这组玉人玉质细腻,色泽温润,雕制精美,确为玉之珍品。
  玉剑(图7)战国。2004年冬青州市东高镇西辛村大型战国齐墓出土。青白玉质。近似等腰梯形,上雕双螭龙纹,尾部分叉,飘逸俊秀。最顶端圆雕一小鸟,做凌空欲飞状。剑采用浮雕、线刻等多种雕刻技法,碾琢精细,玉质莹润。
  玉剑(图8)战国。青州市东高镇西辛村战国墓出土。长15厘米。黄色,局部有黑沁。正面布满勾连涡纹,背面雕出长方形穿。玉质精美,碾琢精细,反映出墓主高贵的身份。玉剑属玉剑饰的一种,剑固定在剑鞘上,供穿系革带以连结腰间的器物,早期玉剑饰主要作帝王贵族标榜尊贵地位和赏赐、馈赠之用。
  玉璧(图9)战国。2008年青州市邵庄镇西辛村西南战国陪葬墓出土。该陪葬墓面积虽不到十平方米,但出土了玉璧十件、铜剑一把、陶壶五件,其中的玉器基本上都保存完整,制作精良,取材考究,堪称战国时期齐国制玉的代表。十件玉璧中最精美的当属枕于墓主人头部之下的那一件,直径14.6厘米,内径4.7厘米,璧厚0.6厘米,是10件玉璧中最为厚重的一件。玉璧颜色为深青绿色,色泽浑厚温润,玉璧外缘与肉内缘周边皆作减地抛光处理。玉璧的正反两面皆布满大小、形状一致,排列间隔相等的谷纹,谷纹均乳突饱满匀称,粒粒雕琢精细光滑,富有光泽。
  “宜子孙”玉璧(图10)东汉。上世纪80年代,青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓出土。通长30厘米,直径20.8厘米,厚0.6厘米。白玉质,质温润,玉材罕见。璧肉内区饰蒲纹一周,并有158个乳丁,外区饰蟠螭纹。出廓上方镂雕双龙纽,纽中央透雕篆书“宜子孙”三字。乃“子子孙孙宜室宜家”的吉祥用语。更耐人寻味的是,玉匠巧妙利用白色玉质上的黑色部分,因材施艺,艺尽其材,碾琢成一对面相视的双龙。龙体粗壮刚健,昂首挺胸,张口露齿呈腾空飞奔状,活灵活现,似出没于祥云之中。线条流畅,姿态优美,充满着灵气和动态的艺术韵律美。璧面谷纹雕琢精细,更显华丽高雅。该玉璧是汉代玉器中的上乘佳作,是青州博物馆的镇馆之宝。
  玉猪(图11)东汉。上世纪80年代,青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓出土。猪呈长圆条状,俯伏姿势,头较小,脊背平直,臀部呈近方形,四角无明显的棱角,底部光素无饰,尾部有一小孔。整体琢磨细腻,抛光甚好。雕刻工艺采用典型的“汉八刀”技法,用阴线刻划出各部位轮廓,寥寥数刀,形神兼备,造型朴拙。玉猪,在汉代作为死者财富的代表,有着相应的政治、经济背景,是汉代特有的产物。现在我们既可作为一种艺术品来欣赏,更重要的是它可以作为汉代墓葬断代的一个重要依据。
  “为福”玉璧(图12)东汉。上世纪80年代,青州市马家冢子汉墓出土。直径9厘米,好径2厘米,通高11.3厘米。白玉质,与“宜子孙”玉璧相同,仅形体较小。玉璧左下角残,但仍能辨识玉璧肉上透雕的“为福”二字,出廓上部透雕二龙戏珠图案,璧肉外圈为一周浮雕蟠螭纹,内圈透雕两组龙纹,中央上下隶书“为福”二字,内缘和外缘与“宜子孙”玉璧一样各饰一圈凸弦纹。质地温润缜密,体如凝脂,精光内涵,不愧为汉代玉器中的精品,在璧下部外缘处有四个小孔,推测应为悬挂之用。这种玉器形体较小,主要用来悬挂在腰带或身体的其他部位作为装饰物。
  神兽蟠螭纹玉璧(图13) 东汉。马家冢子汉墓出土。外径18.5厘米,好径3.9厘米。青色,玉质晶莹,谷粒凸出璧面,粒粒圆浑。玉璧两面内重浅浮雕蒲纹,其上每一个乳突上又阴刻单线旋涡纹,外重为阴线刻四组双尾龙纹。
  玉簪(图14)清代。由簪头和簪身组成,簪头雕刻复杂,簪身细长,底部尖圆。簪头刻双鱼、盘长等纹样,都是佛教“八吉祥”的一种,寓意深厚。双鱼寓意长寿健康,充满活力,佩戴可以趋吉避邪。盘长表示着回贯一切,永无穷尽,是长命百岁的象征。
  二龙戏珠玉镯(图15)清代。青玉质,圆环状。采用俏雕工艺,纹饰明显,造型美观。双龙戏珠是明清玉镯雕刻的常见主题。在中国古代神话中,龙珠是龙的精华,是它们修炼的原神所在,所以人们在艺术表达中,通过两条龙对玉珠的争夺,象征着人们对美好生活的追求。
  螭龙纹玉带钩(图16)清代。和田白玉质,油脂光泽。钩首为龙首,张口露齿,眼球凸出,眉发卷云后扬,两角呈八角辣椒状分开,阴刻线雕琢飘动鬃发。钩身上透雕一螭虎纹,嘴衔灵芝瑞草,呈匍匐爬行状,鬃毛和毛发皆成流动漂浮状。螭虎四肢发达,肌肉感强。采用高浮雕镂空雕刻,工艺精湛,打磨圆润。题材取自“苍龙教子”,母龙负有教育子龙的责任,表示着家庭教育的重要性。
  持卷玉观音(图17)清代。双目微睁,耳垂至肩,俏色发髻高盘于头顶。身着长衣,略坦前胸。左手持经卷,覆压右手于膝。半盘坐于岩石之上,做冥思状。衣褶雕刻流畅、自然。此尊观音造型源于《法华经》卷七普门品所载“应以声闻身得度者,”即听闻如来之说法而得道者,手持经卷表示说法。
  释迦摩尼玉坐像(图18)清代。脸庞慈善、安祥,头饰螺发肉髻,大耳垂肩,双眸微闭,颈带项圈,佛珠挂于胸前。右臂曲肘,手施无畏印;左手置于膝盖处,掌心向前,施与愿印。结跏趺坐于仰莲座上。衣纹雕刻简洁洗练。神态清秀俊逸,端庄典雅。准确而自然地展现出释迦摩尼宁静淡泊的神情。
  青州市博物馆所藏的精品玉器数量虽然不多,但涉及到方方面面。有礼器、日常器、实用器,也有随葬冥器。无论哪一种,都蕴含着玉坚贞、圣洁、温润的优良品质。我们在欣赏每件玉器的同时,不只是看它那精湛的雕工,优良的质地,更需从中体会它所表达出的那种优良品德,品味它谦逊的内在。以玉比德,以玉鉴德,我们要借玉追溯历史,品味历史


TAG:青州博物馆藏精品 玉器 鉴赏

乾隆帝钟爱的痕都斯坦玉器

乾隆帝钟爱的痕都斯坦玉器

乾隆帝钟爱的痕都斯坦

痕都斯坦玉器(简称痕玉),是指乾隆时期传人我国的一种玉器制品。由于乾隆皇帝的喜爱,痕玉曾盛极一时。尽管今天大多数人对痕玉感到陌生,但是在拍卖市场上,痕玉已经开始悄然升温。
  痕玉多为纯色的玉材雕琢而成,尤多选用青玉、白玉或碧玉,器形别致,具有强烈的伊斯兰艺术风格。透过精美的痕都斯坦玉,人们还可以重温其中蕴含的优秀传统文化。
  痕玉背后的故事
  痕都斯坦,亦有“温都斯坦”、“痕奴斯坦”等译名,后来乾隆皇帝按照藏语及回语发音,亲自考证,确定译作“痕都斯坦”。一般认为痕都斯坦是在今天的巴基斯坦北部、阿富汗东部一带地区,系昆仑山脉的西部之脉。
  清初,准噶尔人控制着新疆,乾隆践祚后,平定了准噶尔叛乱,恢复了和阗贡玉。大约在乾隆中期,痕都斯坦玉器传人清宫廷,便立即得到乾隆帝的赞赏。乾隆下旨大力搜觅“痕器”,并诏令养心殿造办处专设仿制“痕器”的玉作,习称“仿痕都斯坦玉器”。
  每年仅春秋两季,有超过4000斤的和闻玉贡入内宫,清官造办处玉作承旨琢制了大量的御用玉器。更多的玉料则输往传统琢玉业集中的江南。从乾隆33年到嘉庆22年(1768~1817)的近50年间,各地向朝廷进贡了至少800件痕都斯坦玉器。同时,清廷的驻外大臣也购买了一些玉器进献给乾隆皇帝。
  每当乾隆得—佳品,就命笔赋诗铭干器上。乾隆题咏鉴赏玉器的诗文,有800首,其中56首是颂咏“痕器”的。诗文扼要描述了痕都斯坦玉器的造型和纹饰、工艺特点和艺术造诣。上有所好,下必甚焉。“痕器”一时成为清代最时髦的玉器,苏州、扬州等地的玉作,大肆仿制以供市求。但是由于痕都斯坦风格玉器即为耗料且使用上容易毁损,因此乾隆晚期下旨停止制作。这股痕玉的风潮也从此渐渐淡去。
  清官收藏的痕都斯坦玉器中最为精美者,均集中收藏于紫禁城乾清宫暖阁和圆明园殿座之中。由于乾清官于乾隆归政前被—场大火烧得精光,乾隆用近60年的时间收藏下来的古玩和当时的艺术精品很大一部分被焚毁,之后又从各殿集中了一批精品,仍存放于重建后的乾清宫暖阁内。而圆明园被英法联军放火烧毁,其中的痕都斯坦玉器自然也难幸免。新中国成立之前,故宫博物院原藏的痕都斯坦玉器同其它一些古典艺术品被运往台湾,现存于台北故宫博物院。因此,目前只有少量痕者嘶坦玉器存于博物馆或私人藏家手里。
  何谓痕玉
  痕玉精美别致,乾隆皇帝评价道,“制薄如织,良工巧匠,非中原玉人所能仿佛也。”纪晓岚在《阅微草堂笔记》中也曾提到,“今琢玉之巧,以痕都斯坦为第一”。下面就简要介绍一下痕都斯坦玉器的几个特点。
  首先,痕玉的用料精良。玉材多为南疆的和阗玉、叶尔羌角闪石玉。玉质细密,质地温泽,透过光,可以看到里面有棉状或点状包裹体。痕都斯坦玉匠喜用纯色的玉材雕琢,即一器一色,这与中国传统玉器的爱留皮留色巧雕形成了鲜明的对比。
  第二,痕玉的器型别致,主要有食器与杂器两大类,以实用为主。食器类有碗、杯、盘、壶等。杂器类有瓶、罐、盒、文房用具、香炉等。中国传统玉器中常见的礼玉、佩玉、摆设玉却很少。痕都斯坦玉器的形制也比较特殊,常以动物和花形构成,有的器物完全就是一朵盛开的花或一片橄榄叶,器柄处多圆雕成花苞或缠棱的茎叶,如葵瓣盘、莲花式碗,极为常见。还有的则采用不同的兽耳或兽角作器物的造型,逼真细腻,新颖奇特。器物的耳足、耳柄也多呈对称性布局。器物底部和足多外撇,其形或作花,或作花瓣,或呈叶形。
  第三,痕玉的纹饰独特,有着明显的异域色彩。花叶纹是痕玉的主流纹饰,花草以茛、苕、莲为主。“莨”即野葛,俗称“老虎脚爪草”;“苕”即“苇花”,也叫作“凌霄”,“紫葳”;这里的“莲”不是我们常见的池塘里的莲花,它是陆生的西番莲与铁线莲。组合花中常见的是菊花,另外还有葵花、折技花等,其次还有蕉叶、凤尾草、狗尾草等。这些都是当地特有的植物品种。传统行话将这些花草统称为“祥花和香草”。图案以花苞、花朵、卷叶相组合,有的构成层花叠叶,讲究对称布局,显示出枝繁叶茂、繁花似锦的景象。
  痕玉多采用浮雕、圆雕、镂空雕等多种工艺组合。其表面不像中国玉器那样光洁平滑,或仅用阴线浮雕来作装饰,而是善用纤细的金丝或银丝将花纹的轮廓勾出,表现出器物的华丽。痕都斯坦玉器采用水磨技术,通体玲珑薄透,鬼斧神工。大量玉碗、盘、杯等雕琢既细且薄,有的器物厚度只有一两毫米。由外透过器壁能看清器内盛装的物质颜色,由内透过器壁能看到外壁上浮雕的各种花纹图案。由于胎体薄,拿在手上又轻又巧,有轻若浮云之感。乾隆皇帝曾称赞道:。在手疑无物,定睛知有形。”“薄于纸更轻于铢”“抚外影瞻内”。
  目前我们见到的清宫所藏痕玉主要有两种:一种为当年的贡品,另一种为宫内工匠仿制。其中,仿痕都斯坦玉器多刻年款,又被称为“西番作”。实际上,这些仿制玉器并没有亦步亦趋地复制痕都斯坦玉器,而是吸取其造型别致,花纹流畅、胎体透薄的优点,结合中国工艺的传统方法,创造出带有西番风格的玉器。
  通过与西域痕都斯坦玉器的比较,宫廷仿制的“西番作”虽然部分器物的胎壁也很薄,但从整体上看还是要稍微厚一些,材质主要是和田产的上等白玉或黄玉。这些中西结合的玉器直接影响了中国玉器的制作风格,近现代玉器大多造型是中式的,而装饰纹样是西燃足见其影响深远。
  近日,首都博物馆的精品展中展出了几件精美的仿痕都斯坦玉器,人们可以从中一睹痕玉的风采。其中有一对白玉仿痕都斯坦菊瓣碗格外引人注目。玉碗壁薄不足1毫米,重45克,饰两层纹饰,外壁琢卷草纹和五瓣花,腹部琢外凸内凹的细瓣番莲纹。整体轻薄剔透如蛋壳,纹饰繁密柔美。琢刻技艺高超,抛光技术堪称一绝,是清代宫廷造办处仿痕都斯坦薄胎玉器中的代表作。
  痕玉“钱途”
  近年来,痕都斯坦玉器在拍卖市场上又开始悄然升温。在2004年香港苏富比的拍卖会上,—件御制痕都斯坦“西昆玉”御题诗贝式白玉洗,估价500万至700万港元,成交价则高达924.64万港元。在今年10月北京保利的拍卖会上,一件白玉痕都斯坦花卉碗,估价50万至80万元,成交价为184万元。
  据了解,始于1981年的中国工艺美术百花奖,是中国工艺美术的最高奖项,在2009年的评选中,一件“痕都斯坦瓜楞罐”获得了金奖。2010年上海世博会期间,福建馆将痕都斯坦玉制成玉石礼品,引起不小的关注和轰动效应。
  这些现象均传递出一个信息,随着收藏爱好者审美水平的提高,痕玉也越来越受到追捧,相应其价格亦会水涨船高。

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TAG:乾隆帝钟爱的痕都斯坦玉器

玉器交易行情再上层楼(二)

玉器交易行情再上层楼(二)

器交易行情再上层楼(二)

 

结,此玺价格还有上升空间,其他与皇权有关的玺印价格也会大幅度提升。2011年3月26日,一方估价100万至150万欧元的清乾隆白玉玺,在法国图卢兹的夏森一马兰巴(ChassaingMarambat)拍卖行的中国艺术品拍卖会上以1239.3万欧元(约合1.15亿元)成交;2011年9月10日,美国费城的弗尔曼(Freeman’s)拍卖行的亚洲艺术拍卖会上,一方清代白玉玺以351.3万美元(约合2245.58万元)成交,是估价的八倍。可以预期,玉玺未来仍是中国玉器拍卖价格的最高层次。
  单件作品价格直线蹿升
  明清玉器以深厚的历史文化为背景,加之上等材料,精湛的工艺,高雅的意境而为现代人所宠爱。前几年古玉价格虽有大幅提高升,相对于其他艺术品并不高。2011年下半年,在艺术品整体市况不佳的情况下,古玉倒是异军突起,独树一帜,大有接力扛起艺术品价格大旗的态势。艺术品品种各领风骚三五年,这两年领头羊的大旗,看来要落到玉器的肩上了。各大拍卖公司所拍古玉,特别是好的叫清玉,总不乏追求者,在“买对不怕贵”的理念下,收藏者将玉器价格推举得高高在上。2010年北京翰海春拍有件清乾隆白玉御制金刚杵,“乾隆年造”款,估10万至15万元,起扪价10万元。一友人咨询多少钱拍下,笔者想了想,复日30万元以内,结果扪至64.96万元。笔者判断价格高小可攀了,数年内不会有大的变化。谁料想,18个月后,这件玉杵又现身2011年北京保利秋拍,估150万至250万元,218.5万元成交!
  
  专场拍卖聚集人气2000年以后,各大拍卖公司以玉器专场的方式聚拢人气。2003年4月27日香港苏富比“乾隆遗珍”拉开了玉器专场序幕。随后,香港佳士得2004年4月26日的“德馨书屋玉器珍藏”,2006年11月28日的“瑰玉清雕一Alanand Simone Hartman重要玉器珍藏”,北京翰海2006年12月18日的“怀德堂珍藏清代玉雕”,香港佳士得2007年11月27日的“瑰玉清雕Ⅱ”等将玉器拍卖推向新的高度。这些年来,玉器专场拍卖已成趋势,2011年各大拍卖公司仍有玉器专场出现,不过力度稍减,估计2012年还会有力度较大的玉器专场来聚拢人气。
  海外玉器拍卖增多 随着国内玉器拍卖的升温,海外玉器的拍卖业开始逐渐增多。法国图卢兹的夏森一马兰巴拍卖的清代乾隆玉玺,英国伦敦的邦瀚斯拍卖的清代白玉笔筒和索尔兹伯里的伍利-沃利斯(Woolley&Wallis)拍卖的清乾隆白玉壶,美国费城弗尔曼拍卖的清代玉玺,佳士得的赛克勒玉器拍卖,透露着海外玉器拍卖升温的信息。
  民间交易仍以高古玉为主 拍卖市场上明清玉红红火火,但民间交易则是汉以前的高古玉为主。高古玉有多少真品,行内人心中有数,且不说201l岁末曝出的汉代玉凳拍卖闹剧,就是平常又有多少是喜剧收场呢?到今天还在大肆收买高古玉的人,无非两种;一是真正喜爱想将高古玉发扬光大的人,认为高古玉价格实在太低,与其价值太不相符,立志还高古玉本来价值,让古老的玉文化焕发出现代光芒;二是想一夜暴富的人,这些人想看到的就是手中的东西日增万金,目的不是发扬光大古玉,而是让古玉插上财富的翅膀。如果是这个翅膀插在真正的古玉身上也就罢了,偏偏插在假古玉身上,你说这财富能飞得起来吗?
  新玉市场价格迷人眼
  现代玉器市场也开始平地起风雷。由于新玉市场太大,风雷能起多久,还要拭目以待。新玉,特指当代和田玉,其价值评定及成交过程,好像全凭买卖双方当事人一时的感觉,这无论是在新玉的民间交易中,还是在正规的拍卖中都有这种感觉。2011年7月西泠印社春拍中,大师作品拍得很好,出现了千万级作品,而2011年12月18日的北京博观五周年庆典拍卖中,价格又低得吓人:大师作品从上半年的一克几千元,走到下半年的几百元至千余元。下半年固然有大势不好的感觉,但也不至于如此弱不禁风。出现这种情况,是因为许多作品包括大师的作品,是材料和工艺不完美的作品,特别是在材料不完美的情况下,即使是大师的作品价格也不会高。
  
  现代玉的定价原则就是材料加雕工,也可以说是材料加现代艺术,这里首先就碰到玉器的材料问题。材料是玉器的基础,它在最后器物的价值中占有重要的比重,不了解材料的价格来购买玉器,就等于盲人摸象,就是在瞎猜价格。因此,要了解新玉的定价标准,就要了解材料的来源及价格。
  当代新玉材料主要包括的白玉和碧玉,一个是和田料、二是俄料、三是青海料、四是韩料。
  和田料
  和田地区产的玉有山料和籽料之分,山料就是从山上开采的玉料,籽料就是产自和田河里的料,称和田籽料。籽料是和田玉中最好的白玉材料,优秀者有羊脂白玉之称。
  和田籽料涨价幅度巨大,1976年价格约100元左右一千克;2009年达到万元一克,即1000万元一千克,也就是说,和田籽料33年涨了十万倍!20il年春节后,笔者从朋友处得知,2010年涨至3万元一克,即3000万元一千克;2011年有人叫价10万元一克,即1亿元一千克。
  为什么涨得这么厉害?关键就是材料的稀缺性。和田籽料主要是产于和田的白玉河。笔者2011年8月下旬到和田地区参加玉石节,考察了和田地区籽料的产出情况,感觉只有一个,那就是好的籽料产出得太少了。过去和田籽料开采容易,量大质好,而现在白玉河的籽料基本没有,已经在和田地区整体开采了。和田地区的河道在过去上亿年间变化过很多次,形成了许多古河道,每一条古河道都有产出和田籽料的可能,现在的问题是,和田河现有的河道人们是看得见的,是有目标的挖掘,所以能大量的产出籽料,而古河道人们是看不到的,只能凭感觉大海捞针的去挖掘,可想而知,这种挖出籽料的难度有多大。投入的现代化挖掘工具,成本巨大。笔者在墨玉河旁的一个村子看到,因政府严令禁挖,村里村外停放了约600台大型挖掘机,这种挖掘机每台300多万元,600多台就是18亿元!这么多钱,不都要在几块石头上找回来吗?和田籽料能不贵吗?
  当然,几万元一克的籽料是最好的和田籽料,并不是所有的和田籽料都这么贵。料差一分(白度、润度、油度、致密度等),价格就差十倍。
  实际上和田地区也有山料产出,量很少。现在所说的和田山料实际上是昆仑山沿线在和田地区以外其他几个地方,如且末、若羌等地出的山料,这些地方的山料质地与和田籽料相差甚远。
  俄料
  俄料产自俄国远东地区贝加尔湖附近,其质量仅次于和田籽料。俄料从其质地的指标看,无论是白度、密度、油度还是致密度都很好,有些甚至可以与和田料相媲美,因为前几年价格较低并且量大,一度成为中国玉器市场的主要材料。
  俄料在上世纪80年代末90年代初进入中国。初时也就几百元一千克,2011年稍微好一点的俄料几万至几十万元一千克。有种黑皮料,成器后可冒充和田籽料,涨至上百万元一千克。应该说,碧玉材料以俄料碧玉最佳,新疆碧玉无论从质地,还是颜色,都无法和俄料碧玉相比。俄料碧玉高者几十万元一千克。俄料已属高档玉料,随着俄罗斯政府限制俄料出口,价格会越来越高。
  青海料
  又叫昆仑玉,产自青海省格尔木地区,产量较大。其特点一是透,看起来有点像玻璃;二是水线重,水线就是玉料中间有一条条筋状条带,颜色有别于整体玉料。因此,制成作品要扬长避短,做成带有复杂纹饰的作品如玉山子较好,过去扬州是玉山子的集中生产地,青海料用料较大。青海料1985年开采,价格便宜,几元钱一千克,多数被当做仿古玉器的材料在用。我们今天仍然能够看到许多青海料制成的仿古玉器。现在的青海料也是好材料,2011年价格大幅上涨,一千克好料,从几千元、几万元上涨到几十万元。
  韩料
  产自韩国春川附近。笔者在北京潘家园市场了解到,2009年韩料制品约占低档玉器的10%左右;2010年6月,韩料制品约占低档玉器的30%左右;2010年12月,韩料制品约占低档玉器的80%左右。2011年笔者在上海城隍庙逛地摊,看到韩料约占低档玉器的90%左右。为什么这样昵?无它,价格便宜。
  2010年6月笔者到韩料矿区考察。得知玉料年度开采七八百吨,只能做低档货的玉料不向中国出口。能向中国出口的玉料,每月约二三十吨,2010年出口价约300元一千克。韩料进口后,运费100元一千克,这样,韩料在中国的成本价约400元一千克。因韩料相对便宜,加之量较大,其制品多出现在低端市场。2010年,韩料市价500元一千克,一块玉牌用料约200克,价格100元,手工费50元,300元批发,到了地摊,一块玉牌卖500元,利润可观。2011年韩料价格跳跃式上涨,对中国的出口价涨到几千元一千克了,到了国内,批发价格数万元一千克。短短一年,韩料涨价百倍。这种情况在2012年还将继续下去。

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TAG:玉器交易行情再上层楼(二)

玉器交易行情再上层楼(一)

玉器交易行情再上层楼(一)

器交易行情再上层楼(一)

 

2011年玉器界的状况,可以用一句话来概括,那就是:更上一层楼。具体讲,玉器理论研究又上一个新台阶,玉器鉴赏收藏有了更广泛的群众基础。以明清玉为代表的古玉开始体现出真正的价值,现代玉器的质量和价格也是节节攀高。玉器开始真正成为中国艺术晶的重要收藏品种之一。
  理论研究推动市场
  理论研究永远会走在实践的前面,并对实践产生巨大的影响与推动。2011年,在全国范围内共召开了三次有影响力的玉器学术会议。
  2011岫岩玉与中国玉文化学术研讨会
  岫岩玉是中国玉文化的基石之一,远在5000多年前的红山文化时期,岫岩玉就成为红山文化玉器的主要材料,为中国玉文化奠定了基础,拉开了中国玉文化的序幕。此后数千年中,也一直是中国玉器的重要材料,特别是在清末民初,岫岩玉又一次成为玉器的重要材料,为玉器表现农业社会的丰收和富饶,做出了至关重要的贡献,谱写了近代玉文化的一首颂歌。
  如今,随着科学技术的进步,岫岩玉的产量不断提高,制作工艺也有长足进步。这一切理应和人们生活水平的提高同步,而日益广泛地被人们所认可和接受,但事实并非如此。究其原因,其理论研究一直没有跟上是原因之一,远远落后于当前时代的需要。在这种背景下,中国社会科学院考古研究所公共考古中心等单位在岫岩县人民政府的配合下,2011年7月6日召开“2011岫岩玉与中国玉文化学术研讨会”,会议由社科院考古所刘国祥研究员主持,牟永抗、郭大顺、卢兆荫,刘国祥、姜涛、张敬国、吉琨璋、于明、陈启贤等近百名玉文化学者尽数与会。这次会议研讨了岫岩玉在中国玉文化中的历史地位,以及今后的发展方向,对于提高当今岫岩玉作品的文化层次起到了重要作用。
  
  良渚论坛——中华玉文化中心第三届年会年会于2011年12月20日在浙江余杭举行。当今玉器研究的重要学者如张忠培、牟永抗、郭大顺、张敬国等都出席了会议。每次年会都安排一个展览主题,2011年主题是“玉魂国魄——凌家滩玉器精品展”,为安徽省文物考古研究所、北京故宫博物院等文博机构所藏凌家滩出土玉器在良渚博物院的一次共同展览。会议提交的多篇高质量的学术论文,探讨了国内外玉文化研究的一些专题,分享了玉文化的一些学术见解,发表了考古文博界的一些玉文化研究的新成果。对指导玉器的鉴赏和收藏具有积极的意义。
  石峁玉器研讨会
  说起来,2011年最有意思的玉文化研讨会是“石峁玉器研讨会”。石峁遗址位于陕西省神木县石峁村,属新石器时代晚期,距今约4000年左右。文物部门在遗址地区征集了一些玉器,但什么是石峁玉器,典型特征是什么,学术界的认知模模糊糊,如同雾里看花。石峁五器竞成了中国玉器研究的一大盲点。
  在神木县收藏家胡文高先生积极促成下,神木县政府于2011年12月 26日至28日丰办了石峁玉器研讨会。郭大顺、邓淑苹、张敬国、刘云辉、徐琳、张宏明、吉琨璋、于明等海内外知名玉器专家与会。石峁玉器研讨会一开,东西一看,玉器专家们心晕豁然开朗,原来石卯玉器是这个样了。
  说石峁玉器是中国玉器研究一大盲点,是因为文博界对石峁玉器认知存在误区。几十年来,考古出土了大量玉器,特别是许多墓葬出土了一些前代玉器,这些玉器多有明确断代。石峁玉器一直没有明确认识,主要是因为石峁玉器没有明确的出土地点。学术界认可的石峁玉器五六千件,多没有准确的出土地点。陕西历史博物馆所藏127件(台北故宫博物院玉器专家邓淑苹女士认为其中一件不是石峁玉器,应为126件),都是上世纪70年代在神木县征集的。由于石峁玉器没有出土的标准器,故除邓淑苹女士做过系统研究外,再无人深入涉足,以至于许多可能是石峁玉器的器物,被当作是其他年代或文化类型的玉器了。笔者上手过河南三门峡虢国墓地和山西侯马晋侯墓地出土玉器,不乏大型片状如刀或璋的器物,材质也是说不清的地方料,发掘者多将其归为商代器物,部分可能是石峁玉器。
  耀眼玉器节
  大凡重大活动,国人都好称为节,玉器行业也不例外。2011年几个地方都举办了玉器节,较大规模的有安徽“蚌埠玉器节”和新疆“和田玉石旅游节”。
  “和田玉石旅游节”2011年8月下旬在和田玉的故乡新疆和田地区开幕。此时正值和田地区一年中最好的季节,天气睛好,瓜果成熟。虽然会议期间被告知有些不确定的因素,但会议仍取得圆满的成功。主宾邀请各界人士400余人与会。会议期间,中国社会科学院考古所研究员巫新华先生等知名学者做了玉文化主题讲座。笔者应和田地区副秘书长张明强先生的邀请,作为主讲嘉宾,全程参加了会议,感受了和田人民的真诚与和田玉的魅力。笔者在和田地区国土局书记王诚陪同下,考察了和田玉料,特别是和田籽料的产出情况,真正体会“到了和田才知和田玉不贵”的含义。尽管我们说和田籽料还有,但资源之少,开采之难已非常人所能想象了,与会的每一位代表都体会了这一点。
  明清玉仍是古玉交易主体
  钱袋鼓了,吃得香的仍是自家菜,看顺眼的还是自家老东西。这样一来,中国古代艺术品价格一浪更比一浪高。从全世界艺术品交易的品类看,书画绝对是占大头,其次是雕塑艺术品,约占到艺术品成交量的10%左右。这几年中国雕塑艺术品交易形势好的品类主要有犀角制品、象牙制品及古玉。然而,随着岁末犀角象牙制品禁止买卖的一纸禁令而成为过去,雕塑艺术品何去何从不好说,但这至少为古玉交易份额的扩大提供了机会。
  古玉包括汉代以前的高古玉和唐代以后的民玉,特别是明清玉两部分,交易方式有拍卖和民间交易两种。
  拍卖是艺术品价格的重要风向标,而且是重要的交易场所和方式,古玉也不例外。高古玉的拍卖数量本身就很少,一是受到国家政策的限制,高古玉有出土嫌疑,二是买家不多,所以高古玉拍卖多成古玉拍卖的点缀。2011年古玉拍卖以明清玉为主的格局仍在延续,但2011年又有新特点。
  帝王玉玺价格再攀新高
  明清玉器的定价基本上是以皇家文化在先、玉料其次、雕工最后为原则。皇家文化的最高等级是玺印,玉又是古代帝王玺印的重要材料,所以,玉玺价格应该在其他玉器之上。几年来,笔者一再强调玉玺重要性,价格会大大高于其他玉器,特别是在总结2010年玉器拍卖时更大篇幅述及。2011年拍卖情况印证了这一点。以2011年玉器拍卖之王清乾隆六十年(1795)白玉御题诗“太上皇帝”圆形玉玺为例,2007年10月9日在香港苏富比拍出4625万港币,30个月后的20lO年4月8日在香港苏富比拍出9586万港币,再20个月后的2011年12月6日在北京保利拍出1.61亿元。该玺玉质温润,刻工精细,不失为御用精品。笔者认为,由于中国人的皇权情

本文介绍了:玉器交易行情再上层楼(一)

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TAG:玉器交易行情再上层楼

Total Recall 2012: What It Will Be When Colin Farrell Challenges Arnold Schwarzenegger

Starred by Colin Farrell, Kate Beckinsale, Jessica Biel and Bill Nighy, the remake Total Recall will land on theatres on August 3rd. You may feel a little bit familiar with that movie, right, because the original is starred by Arnold Schwarzenegger which was released in 1990.

Even it’s not a brand-new story, I mean it’s a remake, but still there are some changes, of course. Anyway, we are in 2012 now, not 1990, but if you want to know the situation in 1990, there are many dvd creator reviews can help you enjoy the classic on PC. Then about the new one, what are the changes, first where the story happens? Maybe everyone knows China is a place where can make a bunch of money, so naturally, except for America, China is the obvious factor now. Euroamerica (formerly United States) and New Shanghai (formerly China) fight for political power in the far Fascist future. A simple factory worker suffering from violent nightmares (Farrell) begins to suspect that he’s a spy though he is unaware which side of the fight he’s on and how important his lost memories will be in its outcome.

Sony Picture has released the official trailer, the trailer shows Farrell’s waking up to the harsh realization that his reality may not be real at all. After visiting the Recall offices, something happens. Is there anyone thinks the special effects look like being made from PPT? No? Ok, my mistake. “If you have watched the original movie twenty years ago, then you may appreciate the current technology,” some guy tells me after I tell him my feeling about the trailer, so does he mean the 1990 one was terrible in special effects? Want to test the reliability of my words? Go to watch that movie, and if download the movie with DRM protection, you may need drm removal freeware, after all old movies like this are very precious.

Total Recall is a sci-fi film, a thrill, so beyond the plots and the actors, the most important issue that can decide the fate of this movie is the director. Not every director dares to take over the task, after all the original work was a big success at that time, so feel stressful right away, right? I mean Len Wiseman, the director, not we audiences. Ok, tell me the first thought when you know he is the director, feel lucky? Len Wiseman is a big shot in Hollywood, the influence of “Underworld” is nonnegligible, so this remake, it won’t be that bad, right?

For me, it’s not a big deal whether I have watch the original one or not, I even don’t know where I was twenty years ago, but for respect, I still decide to watch it on my iPad, if you have the same thought, you can convert m4v to mp4 so that it can be played on iPad. As to the remake, all I need is a good director, by the way, I totally support Farrell, so there is need to worry about the actor. Look forward to it, right?


Total Recall 2012: What It Will Be When Colin Farrell Challenges Arnold Schwarzenegger

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Be Aware Of High quality Of The Hermes Kelly felix As well as Hermes Tote

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ルイヴィトン バッグM93019 トリオは重い扉に

ージと敵対感。 ゴーストリーピンガー一緒に密かに全体の7日間の研究と理解の神秘的な火の祭壇を把握しようとすると、どこにもまだありません。香谷の弟子たちが数回もShangguan政策が個人的にルーチン検査を引き継ぐが、今日はLi、金ピンガーは、洗練されたDaoxingた幽霊ですが、上記の神秘的な火の祭壇に隠された表示で来た時に時々暗い場所で、彼らは簡単に検索をエスケープします。 ただ、まだフランスの配列の必需品はできませんが、それは本当に一つのことのために頭痛の種です。 ルイヴィトン バッグM30752 この日、二つの石はある朝、硬い硬い乗り心地に直面して、突然、金のピンガーを伸ばし、細い腰がJingru悪魔の魅力を一般的にヘビを見て、自社株は、人間の魂の味をフックする。無力な瞬間に、彼女の唯一の男は、まだ真剣に考え、地面に石を見つめ、金ピンガー優雅な姿勢のパフォーマンスに気付きませんでした。 ゴールドピンガーハムが柔らかくゴーストリー1を見つめ、泣いて、目が通過する複雑な感情の痕跡を持っているように見えるだけつかの間。 、彼はため息をついて彼女のを聞いた直後に、言った: “あなたは何を参照してください。? ゴースト活発な身体は、これが徐々に回復し、見て首を横に振った、と述べた金ピンガーになった: “あなたは?” ゴールデンピンガーの笑顔と答えませんでしたが、ゴーストリーはすでに理解しています。 ゴールドピンガーしかめ面とは言った: “我々は七日、この7日間こいつを見るにはここをされている、と我々は全力を尽くしますが、いくつかの岩の彫刻を行うことができませんでしたサークルがタッチされたアクティブ化しない、それがあるかどうかそれはどのようですか? ” ゴーストリーが、しばらく熟考暗いのパッチの一番上を見上げ、見て、言った: “その日私は人々の時間を節約するためにここにいた、ホールにオルガンに触れ、8激しいと神秘的な火の輪がただちに起動されますが、 “いくつかの奇妙な味、トーンで中心的な目標の神殿に向かって彼の目は言った、”しかし、その権限はなく、今、彼らは姿を消した。 ” ゴールドPingerは彼の目を見下ろし、彼女は上げ石台湾は、セントラルオフィスのホールであることを見たが、そこに石を黒焦げ、どのような素晴らしいオルガンの外観ボール醜い外観、固化されています。 実際、このシーンを見るにはここにゴーストリーでは、我々は、自分の最初の日付は、当局が破壊さ

れ、彼の最後のいる岩が地面Xiongshen石の彫刻を見に来たことを確認するために、ここに来たのがわかります暴力的な呼吸のあらゆる種類の共振チョンYingさんの心は、圧倒されますが、少しでも感じていません。 ルイヴィトン バッグM93021 これはひどい石を持っていて、すでに死んで死んでなるに見えた。 二人は沈黙にモーメントを有する、私はギャングYuが突然、彼女が直面して変更し、話し、幽霊Liの額が突然、最大しわ見て、長い間の後、金ピンガーは何を考えているようだ、と言ってわからない電源を入れ、目Luedaoプレイの点滅は灰色側の横にある、図フロート、一瞬後には、暗闇の上に神秘的な火の祭壇ホールに消えてしまったし、猿を投げた。 ゴールデンピンガー素晴らしいプロジェクトは彼の影を見て微笑んで混合、暗闇の中で姿を消し、その後浮上し、また暗闇に消えていった。 すぐに ルイヴィトン バッグM30652 “キーッ”という音の後、鈍い音が神秘的な火の祭壇のホールにこだました。 ドアが開いている 、ドアを多くの人々たくさんのような音を足音を動かしますが、かすかに指揮声を聞いて、いくつかの言葉を述べ、突然、彼らは静かに。すぐに、ドアを開くためにドアから、トリオで来ました。 彼の後ろ半身とバレーGuzhuクラウド宜蘭実際に香にショックを受けた頭の一人、ヤングShangguanポリシーの右側に、最後の一、二いくつかのステップ距離の正面からではなく、クラウドと簡単にシュンリー、LANの弟子たちの誇り。 ルイヴィトン バッグM93019 トリオは重い扉になり振り向くと、最終的に歩いて、神秘的な火の祭壇、李迅(ジョウ·シュン)に入って、元の光はすぐに、家の中で唯一の絹ゆっくりここで点滅しているDIMを分離し、閉鎖されました。 ※※※ ルイヴィトン バッグM93062 霊的な力のマトリックス法の損失、3層上に、元のチル神秘的な火の祭壇、今長い間失われている厳しい寒さは、背後に無関心だけの巨大なハードロックを残しました。暗闇の中、暗闇の中でその暗い穴に通し、静かにゴーストリーとキムPingerは、下の方に見えた。 前よりは良い少し灰色のこの時間を知っているように見えるが、常に良い動きしているにもマスターの側に横たわって静かな、正直を提供するために表示されます。 彼の顔は影に包まれているかのよう雲蘭Shangguanポリシーは、遠くから、8激しいと神秘的な火の輪の上に立って、神秘的な火の祭壇の中心に向かってゆっくり歩いた。 私たちの3の下部には、雰囲気がかすかに何か変です、また、話


ルイヴィトン バッグM93019 トリオは重い扉に

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ルイヴィトン バッグM93047 あの人誰

ルイヴィトン 財布 N63088
すことはありませんでした、長い間沈黙、そこに立っていた。その上、ゴーストリーが感じているように見える、ゴールデンピンガーに見えたが、ちょうど金Pingerは自分の意見にも見ました。彼らは、両眼線少し混乱して意味でお互いを参照してください。 宜蘭が見た雲は不機嫌なようで、おそらく彼の心は、財団がそのような外観となっており、私は恐れて機嫌が悪いです、長年にわたって自社のビジネスを見た人は、そうすることになっています。一目見ただけで彼の顔には発現はないようだが、やや長い時間を見て、実際には刻々と変化するの漠然とした感じを与えるが、よく見るが、彼の顔は変化を介して変更されないことがわかりますしかし、あなたの心。 最低でも、Qingyunshan当時の日付は、世界は彼にこの表現を見ることはできません。 長い時間の後、雲の端から端まで宜蘭のドリフト移動中のそれらの奇妙な赤い石の彫刻の地面に神秘的な火の祭壇の上に常に不確かな目は、互いに逆のからわかるようにもう一方の端を見て、彼は徐々に石の画像に歩いて黒焦げを焼くの中央部分は、石のテーブルを上げ、手のひらを伸ばし、そっと石をなでる。 “どのくらいの時間を持っている?”突然低い声を開くクラウド宜蘭その後、そのような全く頭には尾を求めません。 Shangguanポリシーための驚きの意味を明らかにするクラウド宜蘭の予期しない問題が、どうやらそれはこのことを念頭に置いていくつかの物事が明確に見えるが、彼は答えではなく、むしろ非常にしなかった彼の顔を見て、彼のそばに立っていない奇妙な、振り向くと、三段の後ろに二人立っている李迅(ジョウ·シュン)を見ました。 李勳、頭が少し、敬意を見て、目Weibiサイレントを下げた。 後戻りが、雲宜蘭では、背後に本物のタッチをすべてを知っているようだ “魯迅の子ではありません将来的には部外者、彼はまた、谷香を引き継いませんが、これらの事は彼からそれを隠さない。” “準備開始された呼び出しの日付を、今日は、”ホーチミンヤン明尊 ‘が応答しませんでした完全な30日を持っています。 “Shangguanポリシー本体はわずかに驚いたし、落ち着いて、沈黙の瞬間によると、 クラウド宜蘭変化なしの顔は、最も、目だけは数回点滅しますが、即座に再び少し暗いとなったかのような印象を与えます。神秘的な火の祭壇の上部に、ゴーストリーの心はアクションですが、彼はこの奇妙な丸香バレー

を修正するために、ハード押されたことに驚いたことはありませんでしたが、Shangguan政策だけで、いわゆる “ホーチミンヤン明の尊重”を参照して言っていたが、ほとんど無意識のうちに、どこかに彼の記憶の深さに触れ、彼は物事を参照しているShangguanポリシーを感じた – 炎の鳥の体は、それが8激しいと神秘的な火の輪の伝説に奇妙な起源の長い歴史の鍵である、野生のモンスター燃える、ラップされたのですか? ルイヴィトン バッグM93060 神秘的な火の祭壇のいくつかの奇妙な雰囲気の中、雲蘭の顔が良く見えませんが、ちょうど会場で前後にペーシング、話さなかった、Shangguanポリシーはちょうど図の兄弟を見て何を考えるように見え、立っているとして、話せませんでした李魯迅の側は、何も言わず、礼儀正しい態度を維持しているようだ。 ルイヴィトン バッグM93082 時が経つにつれ、雲蘭の眉毛は徐々に、しわ彼の目は彼の心に何かのように、一般的に熾烈な戦いをLimang迫り来るが、ついに、彼は突然長い息の足跡を一時停止して後ろに振り向くホープShangguan政策と李迅(ジョウ·シュン)、。 クラウド宜蘭へShangguanポリシーは、見てかすかに泣いて泣いて、言った: “ブラザー?” 雲蘭が気にするよう合意されている、それ以上のためらい、Lengran存在しません: “円の中にShangguanヤング、神秘的な火の祭壇いかに重要か、私が言うまでもなく、いずれにせよ、そうでない場合は、復元する必要があります、我々は彼に対処する方法が他にない! ” Shangguanポリシーは、彼の頭をうなずいて話すことはありませんでしたが、離れて3暗闇から頭のてっぺんで、ゴーストリーゴールドPingerはまた驚いた。 彼? ルイヴィトン バッグM93047 あの人誰? 香谷は、人々、あなたがこの奇妙なサークルに対処しますか? 静かな神秘的な火の祭壇は、現時点ではすべての目に見えない暗い雰囲気かのように、流れる。しかし、Ruoyouruowu暗い周りに作ら次の雲宜蘭の言葉は、冷たい氷になった: ルイヴィトン バッグM93073 “その日、溶岩バースト、サークルにあまりにも多くの被害が私はすでにこの何世紀も昔のオーラに香谷、サクションアキュムレータが不足しているに加えて、それらのキーは ‘神秘的な火カム”の戦闘隊形を失ったので、彼女はC​hiyanを召喚できません。その人は当然重要ではありません、我々は吸引アキュムレータを傷つけたが、今、あなたはこのサークルで心配する、表示されない


ルイヴィトン バッグM93047 あの人誰

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On The Net Human Brain Coaching Exercises

In the event you want to boost the power of your mental, it is possible to search for some free of charge online mental faculties instruction work outs. A lot of of those workouts appear free of charge and can allow you to discover intriguing ways of enhancing your human brain ability. With all the assist of those workouts, it is possible to not simply enhance your agility of thought, but also give a increase to your alertness and creativity. Remember – the health and fitness of your respective mind plays an essential role within your quality of everyday life, specially as you grow to be older. So, listed here are some free on the web mental faculties training workouts that it is possible to use:

• Memory space recall: You will discover several recall video game titles that primarily check your brief-expression storage. It can be matching playing cards of a deck getting the same range which are positioned at distinct locations, clicking on lighted spheres in the purchase that they seem and so forth. Because our brief-expression storage – often named the doing work memory, is the workbench of our consciousness, you are able to use the storage recall online games to boost it and enjoy an greater consciousness of sensory input, thoughts and emotions which are seasoned.

• Puzzles and intellect video game titles: A lot of sites have lists of innovative and difficult puzzles, brain game titles, along with other mind exercises. If that you are searching for some no cost on the web mental faculties teaching workout routines, spend some time surfing the World Extensive Web to locate the game titles that appeal to you and start playing them to exercise your mental.

• Sudoku: This is nonetheless a different interesting activity which is dependant on quantity placement and relies on memory space. To engage in this activity, you’ll must plan tips on how to fill up the containers working with different digits. This arranging will never only strengthen your concentration but also give a enhance with your small time period storage.

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On The Net Human Brain Coaching Exercises

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美中印需求扩大 俄钻石巨头阿尔罗萨一季度净利润大增

美中印需求扩大 俄钻石巨头阿尔罗萨一季度净利润大增

新华网莫斯科4月9日电(记者 刘恺)俄罗斯钻石巨头阿尔罗萨钻石公司9日公布的初步数据显示,该公司今年第一季度实现净利润83.6亿卢布(约合2.78亿美元),比去年同期大增37.5%。

数据显示,该公司一季度实现钻石销售12亿美元,同比增长26.3%。去年前三个月,阿尔罗萨钻石公司的销售额为9.5亿美元。

分析人士指出,阿尔罗萨钻石公司一季度的经营数据好于预期,其原因在于近来世界钻石产量下降,而美国、中国和印度等国对钻石的需求扩大,导致钻石价格走高。阿尔罗萨钻石公司预计,钻石价格上涨的趋势在第二季度继续延续。

阿尔罗萨钻石公司的钻石开采量居世界第一,占世界开采总量的近30%。今年该公司计划实现钻石开采3460万克拉,其价值总额超过50亿美元。目前,该公司拥有的可开采钻石储备达到12亿克拉,如果维持目前开采规模,还可连续开采32年




TAG:钻石 俄罗斯钻石巨头 钻石利润 阿尔罗萨钻石公司

民间收藏莫变了味儿 专家不能成为古玩商

民间收藏莫变了味儿 专家不能成为古玩商

  “乱世黄金,盛世收藏”,物质生活水平的不断提高,电视上《一锤定音》《华豫之门》等鉴宝类节目的火爆使越来越多的岛城市民把目光投向了古玩收藏.然而扑朔迷离、鱼龙混杂的古玩市场,让不少古玩爱好者直喊头大,古玩单纯的价值化正将文物的文化价值、历史价值和科学价值逐渐掩盖,民间收藏在疯狂中有些“变了味儿”.

  市内四区“玩玉”者众

  每次邢先生弯下腰,将手伸向摆在地上的铜器、古币和字画时,他心里比谁都清楚,这十有八九是赝品.

  “真品怎么可能堆在地上任凭风吹日晒,这是其一;真品怎么可能只叫价180元,要知道真品十多万也有买家,这是其二;至于其三嘛,这《姑苏繁华》若出自清代,画名至少也该题作繁体字,你们做旧都没有诚意.”说到这里,邢先生自己都不觉哑然失笑,一边刚刚还口口声声说这是真品的摊主也忍俊不禁,脸上却毫无尴尬之色.

  邢先生一直爱好收藏,退休后便成了青岛昌乐路文化市场的常客.4月14日,尽管天空阴霾欲雨,昌乐路文化市场还是一片熙熙攘攘的景象.

  “昌乐路是越来越热闹了,但你别看街边伸手一摸就是两汉文化,两脚一踩就是秦砖汉瓦,其实买家和卖家都心照不宣,这些大都是仿制品.”在攀谈中,邢先生不停地给记者讲解这个市场的“规矩”.

  在一家门面稍大的玉器店,几位懂行的顾客正和老板讨价还价.老板告诉记者,2008年奥运会之后玉器尤其是和田玉的收藏一直很热,一方面是新疆和田玉资源减少、限制开采等因素的影响,另一方面是越来越多的市民开始接纳和田玉雕琢饰品.“现在圈子里‘玩玉’的越来越多.”据该店主估计,“市内四区不会少于万人.”

  渐成“半文化娱乐市场”

  目前我国每个城市都会有个或大或小的古玩市场,从常理上讲,这种买卖双方都明知交易物品赝品率很高的市场的存在是令人难以理解的,但因为古玩市场有着自己的特殊性,很难加以取缔,如今,古玩市场已经渐渐演变成“半文化娱乐市场.”

  按照青岛市博物馆(微博)副馆长石建民对收藏爱好者的三类划分,邢先生属于第一类——爱好者,此外还有投资者和投机者.“爱好者们大都具备一定的专业知识,且收藏的面很窄,收藏汉砖的绝不会去碰古币,研究古币的也绝对不会去碰字画,可以说他们已经成了某一领域的专家.”在青岛市博物馆,石建民接受了记者的采访.在他看来,投资者也有一定的文物知识,有大量的资金,个别的还有店面,交易古玩以获利为目的;而投机者则以普通市民为主,受到了电视节目和朋友的影响,以为古玩收藏有利可图,便介入其中,但结果大多不太理想.

  “我身边就有许多投机者,虽说不至于血本无归,但花了上万元买了赝品的例子也不在少数.”石建民说,“对抱有投机心理的收藏者来说,古玩交易的风险性太大.”

  专家不能成为古玩商

  著名文保专家谢辰生在接受《新京报(微博)》采访时曾表示,不为文物进行估价是鉴定专家参与这类节目的最低底线要求.他认为,专家们应该做的是鉴定文物的真假,介绍文物的文化价值,而不是给文物贴上价格标签,“专家有什么资格评这个价?专家又不是古玩商!”

  同样作为收藏界的专业人士,石建民对于鉴宝类节目的火爆和一些节目动辄进行几十万甚至上百万元的文物现场估价,也隐隐感到不安.

  “文物本身的价值主要不是经济价值,而是文化价值、历史价值和科学价值.鉴宝类节目对文物进行现场估价,会误导人们把收藏文物作为发财的手段,负面影响很大.”说到这里,石建民的语气变得严肃起来,“文物事业,是为了利用文物弘扬中华民族的文化.把文物作为发财的手段,是完全错误的.”

  “文化价值怎么能用钱衡量呢?”石建民告诉记者,以前青岛市博物馆也会对青岛的民间藏品进行鉴定,但重点不在定价.

  此前由青岛市博物馆、青岛市拍卖中心、《青岛晚报》联合主办过“青岛鉴宝会”,此举的主要目的是掌握民间藏品信息,“比如说,一共有200位藏品持有人前来鉴定,通过鉴定,我们大概能够掌握其中有多少真品,经过多次举办此类活动,就可大概估计出青岛民间有多少件有价值的藏品.”石建民说.

  但石建民也强调,自己并不反对文物市场的正常交易,但如果在导向上将文物与经济价值挂钩,这就有些本末倒置了.

  本报记者 关开亮



来源:新浪收藏


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Sexy and subtle, noble and deep , black is the most blurred mystery , how many kinds of women , there are many different flavor of black . The same black knit shirt playing a black knitted coat of black and white concept of playing the same black and white concept , not the same as black and white is not the same flavor,Hermes Birkin, with a large white bag , a black large sunglasses ,Hermes Handbags, black and white once again it was amazing

      Daily life, we often see is a black, white, gray and other colors with . Black, white, gray is no color , so no matter what colors are not major problems . In general, if the same color and white with , it will appear even brighter ; it is dark and black . Therefore making clothing color should weigh , you are in order to highlight which part of the clothing . Do not calm colors , such as : dark brown ,Hermes Wallets, dark purple and black , so black show the consequences of the Assembly of the yellow striped shirt , white under the best combination of soft colors ; dressed in ivory trousers , wearing a lavender suit , accompanied by plain white shirt is a color , you can fully display their own individuality ; with ivory trousers and light shirt to wear, is a successful combination ; white pleated dress with pale pink sweater ,Hermes Plume, giving a soft elegant feel . The red and white with a bold combination . Dressed in a white casual shirt, wearing a red mini skirt and enthusiasm. In strong contrast , the white of the heavier the weight , looks more gentle. Black and yellow is the most dazzling mix of red and black , very grand, but without losing the charm of


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Designer Clothes ? are the Best Buy Fashion Designer

How you dress up makes an impression on other people. What you wear reflects on how you think and what is your social standing. Your clothes are extension of your personality. So, you should be extremely selective and fastidious about your clothes. Wearing designer clothes will not only give you immense pleasure and comfort, but they will also make you confident and flamboyant.

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2012-04-17

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Christian Louboutin state On 06 and next holdings in U.Verts,Treasuries 27 million You.Erinarians,cash.

web products for six weeks insidecChina fixed income securitiesJimmy Choo Ankle Boots China’erinarians currency trading book variation fad becoming more and more obvious!The particular Ough.Erinarians!Treasury Work group records discharged on your Sixteenth overnight display, pursuing on May very well from a large-scale burning! throughout July after which holdings regarding Oughout.Vertisements!Treasury provides found in Japan 28 billion dollars money,Actually! ultimate September, all of our country’ohydrates currency stores held by way of the variety of You.Ersus,Treasuries is downhill craze, the centre of this holiday season only are already quickly holdings associated with thirty days! other four week period has become a 2010 lessening and “zero-overweight.Half inch At the time of the end of June, Asia placed all the Ough.Ersus.state consumer debt amount involved with 843.Seven billion dollars You.Vertisements.pounds, compared to 938.About three billion U.Ohydrates,funds within Sept .in 2009, your “peak”. lowering of 94.5 million U.Lenses,big ones.Evaluate relation stands out as the substantial holdings Jimmy Choo Cosmic Pumps Mulit-color connected with Nippon governing bonds!Japan”s Loan Ministry proclaimed relating to Aug.7 document, Tiongkok in June netting buys associated with 456.Check out million pound Malay govt securities. to the 3rd continual A few months online expenses regarding Japanese people governing administration fixed income securities,Reliable acknowledged proclaimed chinese people forex trading stores conduite focus on basic safety! liquidity in addition to helping the value, according to the requirements and find out! inside worldwide markets that will diversify tool percentage.At this point it appears that concerning U.Vertisements!Treasuries in addition to Japoneses united states government connections! “a loss of growth”! is in maintaining sector conditions! rising currency trading park variation efforts,Policy Assistance Scale. Country specific Education for Admin deputy overseer Ren Chenbing will foreign exchange source holdings in Oughout.Verts!Treasuries together with dollar-related fashions!Given that the Federal reserve carries integrated quantitative alleviating monetary approach, that greenback is anticipated for you to lower for long periods. of which seriously affected that Oughout.Erinarians,$ fee involving give back of economic means!It’s always popular this! the timber grown today decrease Jimmy Choo Doreen Waxed Suede Tall Boots Black undergone only two consecutive calendar months. the difference is it appears to be your You.Ersus!country wide credit debt in the greater timespan it will eventually continue to be a very important outlay current market with China’utes currency exchange supplies,Forex currency market Office, any Ough.Azines,reconnect current market when it comes to Chinese suppliers is a crucial marketplace for currency exchange preserve holdings from You.S.Treasury connections tend to be too heavy and also typical market expenditure missions,As the financial routine variations, adjustments to market place supply and demand will probably have an impact on numerous points Treasury costs cheapjimmychooboots01.ntlys.04.15 variations, other exercises connected with utility price tags Influence in order to Common Debt Ye Hui related overall appeal Weici around investment routines Jimmy Choo shoes continue to successfully Jinxing Dongtaiyouhua plus focusing method.Aside from that, the particular Ough.Ohydrates,Treasury’ersus following in addition to 1 / 3 main offshore card owner in Asia as well as Great britain around July holdings connected with Ough Treasury bonds were 04.9 zillion Ough.Utes.funds and even 122 billion dollars $.


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2012 China Fruit Juice Concentrate Market report provides scientific justifiable referenc

This  2012 China Fruit Juice Concentrate Market Depth Survey Report provides scientific justifiable reference to fruit/vegetable juice/drink producers, scientific research institutions and sales companies for accurate understanding of the trend of the fruit/vegetable juice/drink industry, for grasping market opportunity, for making correct decisions and for defining corporate development direction.
The China Chamber of Commerce for Foodstuffs, Native Produce & Animal By-Products, Fruit & Vegetables and Industrial Food (CFNA)  and SGF International, the German testing organisation, are to sign a co-operation agreement at ANUGA in Cologne next week.  An official release from both parties says that this will “safeguard fair competition on the Chinese and European fruit juice markets. To this end, numerous measures are to be introduced for safeguarding and controlling fruit juice products and their semi-finished products that are either intended for the local Chinese market or exported from China.”Outlook of the soft drink industry in 2011 and 2015 will maintain a 12% -15% annual growth rate. the overall size of the industry will continue to expand. As the beverage market constantly adjusting to changing demand, the soft drink industry will continue to adjust its production structure, the bottled water will still accounted for the largest share of the market, tea drinks, protein drinks will increase the proportion and the healthy drinks will become the major body of the industry structure.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, China has focused on adjusting the beverage product structure, and reduces the proportion of carbonated beverages. As a result, the total production of the beverage continues to increase. The industry focuses on developing fruit and vegetable juice drinks, plant protein drinks and tea drinks and other products, moderately develops bottled (tank) mineral water, cola, etc and gradually reduces the production of carbonated beverages. Driven by the favorable policy, the soft drink industry in the future will experience a structural framework reconstruction, with functional drinks, fruit juice, teas and other healthy beverages will form the main frame structure. The Pursuit of health drinks will be an inevitable direction for the China’s beverage market.

2012 China Fruit Juice Concentrate Industry Development Analysis and Forecast Report

2012 China Fruit Juice Concentrate Industry Investment Analysis Report


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Although they offers a large number of Nike TN products and their varieties

"Two younger sister Shis , here, would be the cloud and mist nike tn mountain of water demon county sea, I camed across here and lingered on, forgetting to return here in those early years, is elder brother although it is said had never been to fairyland, but this cloud and mist mountain sea, settle however won more once the fairyland raised, the Mu permits an elder brother, did you think?"Two females’ sides, a youth voice that wears red tunic moderately says.

This youth looks is deeply more very handsome, have overbearing pride, imitate if god’s favored son.

"Fair!"The flank is another man, cold track, this person wear black dress, one face cold Jun, he finishes saying, then shut a double eyes, no longer speech.

The red tunic youth is tiny tiny on smiling, he early becomes accustomed to the other party to briefly talk a way.

"The Du senior loiters here, perhaps not for the sake of this cloud and mist."That owns Duo for month of looks of woman, close lightly lips to lightly say with smile.

"Tell you honestly, Zhao Shi Mei, in this a sea of clouds, I discovered that a ground’s sewing , here, perhaps was the tide abyss in the rumours."The red tunic youth says with smile.

That surname woman the vision flow to hope and about to speak words of, suddenly, a side shuts eyes of black dress youth, suddenly open a pair of eyes, keep hanging up of see toward the distance.

"Is very strong!"The black dress youth vision is one Shan, say.

Distance the horizon, together grow Hong to break empty since then, the in mid air turns to make a wear white dress of youth, the this person looks there is no surprising place usually, he stands on the half empty, see all don’t see 4 people place, but the cold eyes swept one eye cloud and mist, the foot exceeds forward.

"Is him!"After red tunic man sees pure other party looks, inching one Leng, but immediately then have surprised one silk to permit a flash across in the eye, he saw fixing of the other party to contend for for, incredibly already coming to a!His heart reads a moment to turn, peeps out a smile on the face and says:"Wang Shi Di goes on further!"

The white dress youth is exactly Wang Lin, his body turned a head to see those 4 people’s one eyes, he was the first see to, not is those two women, also not is a red tunic youth, but that black dress man.

"The this person ability then discovers me outside a long distance and fix for not weak, see the dint of fairy dollar inside its body, should be contend for initial stage!"Wang Lin’s vision is mild, sweep to go one by one, finally fall at red tunic youth body up, this person he is some to acquaint with, is that the sky carry son red fasten pupil.

In these 4 people, in addition to black dress man, the rest is 3 people, all all is a baby to expect to be greatly satisfactory after becoming, however that is red to fasten youth, obviously fix for already a feet exceed go into contend for, want ~only its original intention, can contend for at any time, think necessarily because worry that smell a toward livinging Xi dead of toll-gate, so have never exceeded!

"Wang Shi Di, at under the Du set up."The red tunic youth nike tn requin says with smile, once he cut and polish and then know and afraid of this Wang’s wood, don’t understand own name.

"Once saw Du senior."Wang Lin embraces a boxing way.

The Du sets up to smile a to point a black dress man and says:"Wang Shi Di, he is Mu in the Mo door to permit Zhuo, as for these are two, then the way of the floating cloud parties friend."

Black dress man Mu permits Zhuo, cautiously conjectured Wang Lin Ji’s eyeses and embraced a boxing way:"Right way friend, at under four pupil mus in the Mo door permit Zhuo!"

The Mu permits Zhuo this words finish saying, the Du sets up with another two female, all the department peeps out one in the eye silk Ya color, their 3 people this has never seen Mu permit a words of Zhuo all the way more than five words, the personality of this person and silent few speech little language, have already profoundly recorded in their heart bottoms.

Even if is the person of same belief that met to contend for a middle on the road, this Mu’s permitting Zhuo has never spoken so many words as well.

Particularly is this person words to particularly put at introduction the top of the oneself, 3 people are all all self – disciplines for several years, can fix to this extent, the nature can’t have a stupid person, this Chien the words of the simple list, but is deeply is a high regard in the same generation.

Zhao Xing’s woman that owns a brilliant looks, beautiful double of eyes hope Wang Lin, the Qiao smiles sweetly a way:"Senior king, kid sister Zhao Yi Xuan, this is my younger sister Shi to slowly fly."

Simple name in"Xu Fei ……", but is to hang up to have Wang Lin Yi’s silk to recall, he not from of see toward that weak woman, this female owes a body to Wang Lin Yi, light tone way:"Xu Fei Jian is over senior king."

The Du set up to see Wang Lin Yi’s eye and greatly had a deep idea to say with smile from the Shao:

"Might Wang Shi Di it not be knows Xu Shi Mei?"

Wang Lin shakes head and says:"Is incognizant, only and slowly younger sister Shi’s name is young with Wang Mou of a pupils of same master is just similar."

The Du sets up tiny tiny on smiling, avert from this topic, say:

"Wang Shi Di, you come here, but for the sake of the tide abyss?"

He has no past conceal or set the words ask to inquire, but simple and direct.

If the Wang Lin air nods a way often:"BE exactly!"The Du sets up vision one Ning and says:"Wang Shi Di, numerous dangerous inside that tide abyss, even if you own to contend for to fix for, perhaps can hardly nike requin also get into, my 4 people’s target is also a tide abyss, rather accompany, 1 looks after."

Wang Lin slightly on pondering, inside this tide abyss of dangerous, he has to understand, before coming to this, he has already used a shell Luo gives of the crystal look into some kind of, have a few places among them, with his fix for want to be past, need to be risky.

If have no that Mu to permit Zhuo existence in these 4 people, Wang Lin will immediately refuse, but have Mu to permit Zhuo, circumstance is dissimilarity, this Mu permits fixing of Zhuo for although it is said is to contend for initial stage, but since can discover oneself outside a long distance, settle however have the place of its magical power.

Wang Lin Wei is tiny on smiling, say:"Thus and very good!"

The Du sets up face up take to smile, can heart in but is cold to hum, if say Wang Lin in very short time inside attains to contend for, didn’t the least bit suspect in his heart with envy, that is impossible.

He clearly remembers that while seeing this Wang’s wood in those early years, the other party was only a baby to change fixing of middle soil, can now, short short 100 years, this person incredibly come to a to contend for initial stage, and see its appearance, not just attained, on the contrary is like also the one step that very early and then exceeded to contend for!

"This coming from the bumpkin that abandons a star to fix is such for growth of quick, certainly have its reason, and he incredibly once escaped life and death to rob while contending for difficult, this matter, perhaps have no so simple!And this person if continue to keep on developing, perhaps leave here 400 years later of, his fix to increase for willing be higher, thus, he being purple to fasten a position immediately willing."

Have bad intention in the heart, but superficial, the Du set up is to don’t expose half silk, the smiling face is moderate, good the true behavior elder brother is general.

Only, what he faces is all really Wang Lin, living life and death dead to touch climb to roll to beat for several a hundred years on the Vinaceous Rosefinch star, experienced many people to experience successively from cradle to the grave of affair, early chain clever and astute Rui.

With his heart in think of the bumpkin is really opposite.

The Du sets up of whole life, if is it may be said insignificant compared with Wang Lin!

On going 5 people to have no surplus confabulation again, go straight to cloud and mist mountain sea but go.

The cloud and mist curls up and more has some lookses of seas that turn to make vain mountain and looks, extremely and sublimely at the same time, also have is a kind of to make people the absolute being go toward of beauty.

The beautiful eyes of Zhao Yi Xuan and see forward square Wang Lin, for this man, she is some to see not and deeply, ground work properly in this demon, even if is those demon handsome, she can also on seeing deeply its heart, these more than 100 in the last yearses, let the person whom she sees not and deeply, only two halfs.

Wang Lin’s figure of front, through one slice cloud air max bw and mist, look some faintnesses, Zhao Yi Xuan’s vision, also good be annoyed by fog the Zu, can not see pure more.

The person being the first to show her not and deeply would is the Chen dragon that big Luo’s sword believes in, on the this person body, always have a regiment fan fog, be when she wanted to cautiously see that is fond of fog but is to become a benefit sword, obstructed her incursion.

As for the person who sees not and deeply, then the Mu permits Zhuo!Zhao Yi Xuan’s vision, in place ahead the Mu permits a Zhuo body ascend a sweep but lead.

This Mu permits Zhuo, at her eye China Times but good clear and transparent, but but is one pond stagnant water, variety under, let it is can hardly for her to grope for the idea of the other party.

The person finally seeing not and deeply would was the Wang Lin who bursts upon.In the Zhao Yi Xuan’s eyes, more strange on this Wang, Lin Shen, , this person have no like the Chen Long Bo ‘s fan’s fog, also have no such as the Mu permit Zhuo similar variety, but this person, is complete by dint of settling of oneself dint, chase all minds lock to live!

He doesn’t need to be fond of fog, don’t need to be changed magically, needs and chases close in the door of mind!

The long grass of flash across one silk oddity in the eyes of Zhao Yi Xuan, at this time, Wang Lin in the sudden front, return in the middle of rushing about overdo, see at will hoped her one eye, then took back vision to once turn a head.

But this a vision, like benefit sword general, directly stab into Zhao Yi Xuan’s mind.

"BE warn Yao ……this Wang’s wood, very interesting, even if is the Chen dragon that big Luo’s sword believes in, is also just notice me after I strengthened magical power, as for that Mu permit Zhuo, is also pass a silk clues to just realize my magical power of ……can this Wang’s wood, but is at my heart read a to move, immediately realized unusually ….peep out one in the Zhao Yi Xuan’s eyes interested in air of silk, but be then profoundly concealed soon.

Wang Lin runs about, vision tiny Shan, the corner of mouth peeps out one silk sneer.

"These 4 people’s pourings are interesting, each bosom idea doesn’t say, and the magical power isn’t weak, however in their 4 people, the most remarkable of, should be that weak Xu Xing’s woman to, on the this female body, always have the felling of an oddity ……"

5 people are all all that the speed is the quickest, gradually once wore cloud and mists, in front of them, the ground is profoundly previous gutters, make a show of at public limit in.

This ground of breadth that sew biggest, there are more than ten Zhangs around, as for the length then comes to a thousand Zhangs, have been continuing into the cloud and mist of vision end, this sews, since is like a to grow at the dark on the ground, and then was rowed by the magical power to.
5 people at this ground of sew to fly very carefully and downward inside the gutters to, Wang Lin not is at the ex-est, but in the right side, simultaneously get down a square to sink to go, part observation flank of the ground sew of wall.

The wall that is this ground of to sew is extremely smooth, good the sharp weapon cut open generally, Wang Lin’s right hand above it on touching, immediately feel that a burst of iciness fluently nike air bw pas cher begins to spread inside the human body.

Continuously descend to sink along with 5 people, the gradual cloudiness gets up on all sides, only this cloudiness didn’t influence too greatly to monk, the fairy dint coagulates a pair of eyes, similar can see pure everything.

More is downward, then and more have a the branch crack to appear, form a to look good tree branch general cent department, each branch blind side, all like a cave sort, it inside You black, even have some, connect fairy dint to coagulate a pair of eyes, can not see pure deep place.

The branch blind side is gradually many of, the Du sets up of the body float at the half is empty, the Mu permits Zhuo air always icy cold, see at the moment the Du set up to stop under, slightly on knitting the brows, but don’t talk.

Zhao Yi Xuan and slowly fly two female, stop under see behind to on all sides, that a way branch blind side, good one open widely and wait for the arrival of find.

"Is each, inside these blind sides, perhaps will some babies save to stay, think necessarily and more is downwards, the crack like this will be more many, we come to this of target all for the sake of the treasure thing, at present see respectively skill."Du sets up to finish saying, once the body move and float toward the one among the open wounds.

The Mu permits Zhuo slightly on hesitating and flies toward another open wound.

"Senior king why not goes to every where see, perhaps will have result."Zhao Yi Xuan in a soft voice says with smile.

Wang Lin shook to shake head, vision quiet, he didn’t search on all sides, but flew downward.

Hope Wang Lin’s figure, Zhao Yi Xuan’s vision is one Shan, turn round to explore to go to the open wound of one side, as for it nearby that weak woman, then follow close behind afterward.

Wang Lin is flying, turned head to see one eye two females’ directions, peeped out the color of deliberation in the eye.

"This two Human bodies up, why I always feel one silk peculiar ……"

Ponder in, Wang Lin takes back vision and sees go downward, this huge crack, deeply disappear bottom, don’t know below and exactly have much deep, but at the moment their stopping the next position is already to fly for a long time, still still didn’t attain bottom.

"The bottom of this tide abyss, even the shell Luo’s crystals can not see through and just understand, under and a huge curving corridor, with moreover five entrances connect with each other, as for export, then only 1!"

Wang Lin’s vision twinkles, body no longer descend sink, but fly upward to, once the body move, he then and immediately realized a layer after layer pressure from spreads above.

"Indeed as expected is such, this entrance, can enter, not ability, if strong line of go out from the entrance, the resistance facing will be more and more big."Verify heart after thinking, Wang Lin stopped body and cautiously looked into some kind of, the crack on all sides is a lot of, it inside utter darkness one, his vision is on these cracks just nike air max pas cher a sweep and then take back.


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